Collision Energy Dependence of Viscous Hydrodynamic Flow in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
arXiv:1202.6620 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.85.054902
Abstract
Using a (2+1)-d viscous hydrodynamical model, we study the dependence of flow observables on the collision energy ranging from sqrt(s)=7.7 A GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to sqrt(s)=2760 A GeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). With a realistic equation of state, Glauber model initial conditions and a small specific shear viscosity eta/s = 0.08, the differential charged hadron elliptic flow v_2^{ch}(p_T,sqrt(s)) is found to exhibit a very broad maximum as a function of sqrt(s) around top RHIC energy, rendering it almost independent of collision energy for 39 < sqrt(s) < 2760 A GeV. Compared to ideal fluid dynamical simulations, this "saturation" of elliptic flow is shifted to higher collision energies by shear viscous effects. For color-glass motivated MC-KLN initial conditions, which require a larger shear viscosity eta/s = 0.2 to reproduce the measured elliptic flow, a similar "saturation" is not observed up to LHC energies, except for very low p_T. We emphasize that this "saturation" of the elliptic flow is not associated with the QCD phase transition, but arises from the interplay between radial and elliptic flow which shifts with sqrt(s) depending on the fluid's viscosity and leads to a subtle cancellation between increasing contributions from light and decreasing contributions from heavy particles to v_2 in the sqrt(s) range where v_2^{ch}(p_T,sqrt(s)) at fixed p_T is maximal. By generalizing the definition of spatial eccentricity epsilon_x to isothermal hyper-surfaces, we calculate epsilon_x on the kinetic freeze-out surface at different collision energies. Up to top RHIC energy, sqrt(s)=200 A GeV, the fireball is still out-of-plane deformed at freeze out, while at LHC energy the final spatial eccentricity is predicted to approach zero.
12 pages, 9 figures
References in corpus (34)
- Color superconductivity in dense quark matter
- Viscosity Information from Relativistic Nuclear Collisions: How Perfect is the Fluid Observed at RHIC?
- Systematic Measurements of Identified Particle Spectra in pp, d+Au and Au+Au Collisions from STAR
- Elliptic and triangular flow in event-by-event (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamics
- Energy Loss and Flow of Heavy Quarks in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
- 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions serve a nearly perfect quark-gluon liquid
- Suppression of elliptic flow in a minimally viscous quark-gluon plasma
- Triangular flow in hydrodynamics and transport theory
- Multiplicity scaling in ideal and viscous hydrodynamics
- Has the QCD Critical Point been Signaled by Observations at RHIC ?
- Influence of the shear viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma on elliptic flow in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
- Triangular flow in event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics in Au+Au collisions at GeV
- Anisotropic flow in sqrt(s)=2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC
- Translation of collision geometry fluctuations into momentum anisotropies in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
- The centrality dependence of elliptic flow, the hydrodynamic limit, and the viscosity of hot QCD
- Perturbative QCD Calculations of Elliptic Flow and Shear Viscosity in Au+Au Collisions at GeV
- The eccentricity in heavy-ion collisions from Color Glass Condensate initial conditions
- Eccentricity fluctuations from the Color Glass Condensate at RHIC and LHC
- Systematic parameter study of hadron spectra and elliptic flow from viscous hydrodynamic simulations of Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
- Hadron spectra and elliptic flow for 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions from viscous hydrodynamics coupled to a Boltzmann cascade
- Eccentricity fluctuation effects on elliptic flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions
- Triangular flow in heavy ion collisions in a multiphase transport model
- Dissipative effects from transport and viscous hydrodynamics
- Elliptic flow in U+U collisions at sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV and in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV: Prediction from a hybrid approach
- Components of the elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV
- Elliptic flow at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider: Comparing heavy-ion data to viscous hydrodynamic predictions
- Initial eccentricity fluctuations and their relation to higher-order flow harmonics
- Hydrodynamic radial and elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions from AGS to LHC energies
- Hydrodynamic predictions for Pb+Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV
- Evolution of pion HBT radii from RHIC to LHC -- Predictions from ideal hydrodynamics
- Energy and system size dependence of elliptic flow: using rapidity gaps to suppress non-flow contribution
- Shape analysis of strongly-interacting systems: the heavy ion case
- Scaling properties in bulk and p-dependent particle production near midrapidity in relativistic heavy ion collisions
- Initial indications for the production of a strongly coupled plasma in Pb+Pb collisions at TeV
Cited by in corpus (19)
- Inclusive charged hadron elliptic flow in Au + Au collisions at = 7.7 - 39 GeV
- Medium response in JEWEL and its impact on jet shape observables in heavy ion collisions
- Fluid Dynamics and Viscosity in Strongly Correlated Fluids
- Charmonium Coherent Photoproduction and Hadroproduction with Effects of Quark Gluon Plasma
- Color path-integral Monte-Carlo simulations of quark-gluon plasma: Thermodynamic and transport properties
- Simulating V+jet processes in heavy ion collisions with JEWEL
- Statistics of initial density perturbations in heavy ion collisions and their fluid dynamic response
- Azimuthal anisotropy measurement of (multi-)strange hadrons in Au+Au collisions at = 54.4 GeV
- Direct Photons in Hydrodynamic Modeling of Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
- Beam energy dependent two-pion interferometry and the freeze-out eccentricity of pions in heavy ion collisions at STAR
- Adiabatic Hydrodynamization and the Emergence of Attractors: a Unified Description of Hydrodynamization in Kinetic Theory
- Impact of scale, nuclear PDF and temperature variations on the interpretation of medium-modified jet production data from the LHC
- The elliptic flow difference between baryons and anti-baryons in heavy collision with SMASH Model
- Probing Nuclear Geometry through Multi-Particle Azimuthal Correlations and Rapidity-Even Dipolar Flow in O+O Collisions
- Transport-based initial conditions for heavy-ion collisions at finite densities
- Study of jet-medium interactions using jet shape observables in heavy ion collisions at LHC energies with JEWEL
- Charmonium dissociation at high baryon chemical potential
- Measurement methods of radial flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
- Flow harmonic correlations via multi-particle symmetric and asymmetric cumulants in Au+Au collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{NN}}\) = 200 GeV