Viscosity Information from Relativistic Nuclear Collisions: How Perfect is the Fluid Observed at RHIC?

Abstract

Relativistic viscous hydrodynamic fits to RHIC data on the centrality dependence of multiplicity, transverse and elliptic flow for sqrt{s}=200 GeV Au+Au collisions are presented. For Glauber-type initial conditions, while data on integrated v_2 is consistent with a ratio of viscosity over entropy density up to eta/s=0.16, data on minimum bias v_2 seems to favor a much smaller viscosity over entropy ratio, below the bound from the AdS/CFT conjecture. Some caveats on this result are discussed.

4 pages, 5 figures; v2: matches published version, title changed by journal

References in corpus (14)

• Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics
• Dissipative Hydrodynamics and Heavy Ion Collisions
• Has the QCD Critical Point been Signaled by Observations at RHIC ?
• The centrality dependence of elliptic flow, the hydrodynamic limit, and the viscosity of hot QCD
• The eccentricity in heavy-ion collisions from Color Glass Condensate initial conditions
• Measuring Shear Viscosity Using Transverse Momentum Correlations in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Recent results in relativistic heavy ion collisions: from ``a new state of matter'' to "the perfect fluid"
• Viscous hydrodynamics relaxation time from AdS/CFT
• Causal Viscous Hydrodynamics for Central Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Relativistic Dissipative Hydrodynamics: A Minimal Causal Theory
• Universality of the saturation scale and the initial eccentricity in heavy ion collisions
• Is there a "most perfect fluid" consistent with quantum field theory?
• Causal Viscous Hydrodynamics for Central Heavy-Ion Collisions II: Meson Spectra and HBT Radii
• How much entropy is produced in strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma (sQGP) by dissipative effects?

Cited by in corpus (128)

• Nonlinear Fluid Dynamics from Gravity
• Elliptic and triangular flow in event-by-event (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamics
• Viscosity Bound and Causality Violation
• 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions serve a nearly perfect quark-gluon liquid
• A calculation of the bulk viscosity in SU(3) gluodynamics
• Angular momentum conservation in heavy ion collisions at very high energy
• Effect of curvature squared corrections in AdS on the viscosity of the dual gauge theory
• Suppression of elliptic flow in a minimally viscous quark-gluon plasma
• Holographic model of superfluidity
• Multiplicity scaling in ideal and viscous hydrodynamics
• Influence of the shear viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma on elliptic flow in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Triangular flow in event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200A$ GeV
• Translation of collision geometry fluctuations into momentum anisotropies in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Relativistic hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions
• Heavy-flavour spectra in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Event-by-event hydrodynamics and elliptic flow from fluctuating initial state
• Entropy Current in Conformal Hydrodynamics
• Perturbative QCD Calculations of Elliptic Flow and Shear Viscosity in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV
• A Monte Carlo Model for 'Jet Quenching'
• Second order hydrodynamic coefficients from kinetic theory
• Systematic parameter study of hadron spectra and elliptic flow from viscous hydrodynamic simulations of Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Stability and Causality in relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics
• Instabilities of an anisotropically expanding non-Abelian plasma: 1D+3V discretized hard-loop simulations
• Bulk viscosity in quasi particle models
• The applicability of causal dissipative hydrodynamics to relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Resolving the HBT Puzzle in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collision
• String Theory and Quantum Chromodynamics
• Hadron spectra and elliptic flow for 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions from viscous hydrodynamics coupled to a Boltzmann cascade
• Thermal Noise and Stochastic Strings in AdS/CFT
• Eccentricity fluctuation effects on elliptic flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Mass ordering of differential elliptic flow and its violation for phi mesons
• Scalings of Elliptic Flow for a Fluid at Finite Shear Viscosity
• Triangular flow in heavy ion collisions in a multiphase transport model
• Elliptic flow of gluon matter in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Super-horizon fluctuations and acoustic oscillations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Kubo Formulae for Second-Order Hydrodynamic Coefficients
• Leading Order Calculation of Shear Viscosity in Hot Quantum Electrodynamics from Diagrammatic Methods
• Suppression of the Shear Viscosity in a "semi" Quark Gluon Plasma
• Sonic Mach Cones Induced by Fast Partons in a Perturbative Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Lovelock theories, holography and the fate of the viscosity bound
• Dissipative effects from transport and viscous hydrodynamics
• Viscosity coefficients for hadron and quark-gluon phases
• Collective phenomena in non-central nuclear collisions
• The sound produced by a fast parton in the quark-gluon plasma is a "crescendo"
• A consistent description of kinetic equation with triangle anomaly
• Divergence-type 2+1 dissipative hydrodynamics applied to heavy-ion collisions
• Energy-momentum tensor correlators and spectral functions
• Chemical freeze-out temperature in hydrodynamical description of Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Initial eccentricity fluctuations and their relation to higher-order flow harmonics
• Toward the AdS/CFT gravity dual for High Energy Collisions: I.Falling into the AdS
• The Bulk Viscosity of a Pion Gas
• Measuring Quark-Gluon-Plasma Thermalization Time with Dileptons
• A Novel Formula for Bulk Viscosity from the Null Horizon Focusing Equation
• Rapid hydrodynamic expansion in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Dilepton production from a viscous QGP
• A sticky business: the status of the conjectured viscosity/entropy density bound
• An elementary stringy estimate of transport coefficients of large temperature QCD
• Evolution of minimum-bias parton fragmentation in nuclear collisions
• Energy loss in a partonic transport model including bremsstrahlung processes
• Color Glass Condensate and Glasma
• A systematic comparison of jet quenching in different fluid-dynamical models
• The bound on viscosity and the generalized second law of thermodynamics
• Mach cones in the quark-gluon plasma: Viscosity, speed of sound, and effects of finite source structure
• Quark Soup al dente: Applied Superstring Theory
• Quark-Gluon Plasma at RHIC and the LHC: Perfect Fluid too Perfect?
• Parton fragment yields derived from minimum-bias jet angular correlations
• Elliptic flow in nuclear collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
• Thermal photons in QGP and non-ideal effects
• Causal Viscous Hydrodynamics for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Bulk and Shear Viscosity in Hagedorn Fluid
• Azimuth quadrupole component spectra on transverse rapidity ${\mathbf{y}}_{\mathbf{t}}$ for identified hadrons from Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 200 GeV
• Shock propagation and stability in causal dissipative hydrodynamics
• Hydrodynamical description of a hadron-quark first-order phase transition
• On bulk viscosity and moduli decay
• The Exact String Black-Hole behind the hadronic Rindler horizon?
• Near Zone Navier-Stokes Analysis of Heavy Quark Jet Quenching in an $\mathcal{N}$ =4 SYM Plasma
• Extensivity of Irreversible Current and Stability in Causal Dissipative Hydrodynamics
• Thermal field theory derivation of the source term induced by a fast parton from the quark energy-momentum tensor
• Remarks on Heavy-Light Mesons from AdS/CFT
• Dissipative hydrodynamics and heavy ion collisions
• Shear Viscosity of Quark Matter
• Thermodynamic properties and bulk viscosity near phase transition in the Z(2) and O(4) models
• Dynamical freeze-out condition in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
• Shear Viscosity in a Perturbative Quark-Gluon-Plasma
• Exposing the Noncollectivity in Elliptic Flow
• Quark-Gluon Plasma - New Frontiers
• Density, short-range order and the quark-gluon plasma
• Multiplicity, mean $p_T$, $p_T$-spectra and elliptic flow of identified particles in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC
• Dilepton production in a schematic causal viscous hydrodynamics
• Causal relativistic hydrodynamics for viscous fluids
• Initial indications for the production of a strongly coupled plasma in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV
• Dependence of elliptic flow on number of parton degrees of freedom
• Azimuth Quadrupole Systematics in Au-Au Collisions
• Non-conformality and non-perfectness of fluid near phase transition
• Holographic quark gluon plasma with flavor
• Aspects of causal viscous hydrodynamics
• QCD plasma thermalization, collective flow and extraction of shear viscosity
• Comparing the first and second order theories of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics using the 1+1 dimensional relativistic flux corrected transport algorithm
• Exact Relativistic Ideal Hydrodynamical Solutions in (1+3)D with Longitudinal and Transverse Flows
• Near Zone Hydrodynamics of AdS/CFT Jet Wakes
• Probing the Frontiers of QCD
• The fluid/gravity correspondence: Lectures notes from the 2008 Summer School on Particles, Fields, and Strings
• Hydrodynamics of Resonances
• Quasi-Particle Degrees of Freedom versus the Perfect Fluid as Descriptors of the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• A relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic description for systems including particle number changing processes
• Does interferometry probe thermalization?
• Recent results from parton cascade and microscopic transport
• From Thermodynamics to the Bound on Viscosity
• Heavy quark dynamics in the QGP: R_AA and v_2 from RHIC to LHC
• Universal Flow in the Early Stages at RHIC
• Notes on relativistic superfluidity and gauge/string duality
• Shear Viscosity in Weakly Coupled N-Component Scalar Field Theories
• Anisotropic flow: Achievements, Difficulties, Expectations
• What the inflaton might tell us about RHIC/LHC
• Hard loop effective theory of the (anisotropic) quark gluon plasma
• Collective Flows in a Transport Approach
• Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions: Viscous Hydrodynamic Simulations and Final State Interactions
• Effects of bulk viscosity on hadron spectra and Hanbury-Brown Twiss radius by the causal viscous hydrodynamics
• Hydrodynamics of strongly coupled non-conformal fluids from gauge/gravity duality
• Gauge-String Dualities and Some Applications
• Tsunamis, Viscosity and the HBT Puzzle
• From SPS to RHIC: Maurice and the CERN heavy-ion programme
• Extending the Reach of Hydrodynamics
• The X boson (MX ~ 1014 GeV) mediation of the HI relativistic reactions generated by RHIC and LHC
• Early dissipation and viscosity
• What are the degrees of freedom in the partonic fluid at RHIC ?
• Viscosity at RHIC: Theory and Practice
• Heavy-quark Langevin dynamics and single-electron spectra in nucleus-nucleus collision