Beam-energy dependence of correlations between mean transverse momentum and anisotropic flow of charged particles in Au+Au collisions at RHIC

Abstract

The correlation between the mean transverse momentum, $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$, and the squared anisotropic flow, $v_n^2$, on an event-by-event basis has been suggested to be influenced by the initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions. We present measurements of the variances and covariance of $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$ and $v_n^2$, along with their dimensionless ratio, for Au+Au collisions at various beam energies: $\sqrt{{\text{s}}_{NN}}$ $=$ 14.6, 19.6, 27, 54.4, and 200~GeV. Our measurements reveal a distinct energy-dependent behavior in the variances and covariances. In addition, the dimensionless ratio displays a similar behavior across different beam energies. We compare our measurements with hydrodynamic models and similar measurements from Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These findings provide valuable insights into the beam energy dependence of the specific shear viscosity ($\eta /s$) and initial-state effects, allowing for differentiating between different initial-state models.

14 pages, 4 figures

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