Constraining the quadrupole deformation of atomic nuclei with relativistic nuclear collisions

Abstract

Preliminary data by the STAR collaboration at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider shows that the elliptic flow, $v_2$, and the average transverse momentum, $⟨p_t⟩$, of final-state hadrons produced in high-multiplicity ${}^{238}$U+${}^{238}$U collisions are negatively correlated. This observation brings experimental evidence of a significant prolate deformation, $\beta \approx 0.3$, in the colliding ${}^{238}$U nuclei. I show that a quantitative description of this new phenomenon can be achieved within the hydrodynamic framework of heavy-ion collisions, and that thus such kind of data in the context of high-energy nuclear experiments can help constrain the quadrupole deformation of the colliding species.

arXiv commentfollows up on arXiv:1910.04673. v1: 18 pages; 14 figures; v2: 18 pages; 15 figures; Overall minor improvements. Removed preliminary STAR data points at the request of the experimental collaboration; v3: published version

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