Characterizing the initial conditions of heavy-ion collisions at the LHC with mean transverse momentum and anisotropic flow correlations

Abstract

Correlations between mean transverse momentum $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$ and anisotropic flow coefficients $v_2$ or $v_3$ are measured as a function of centrality in Pb$-$Pb and Xe$-$Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV and 5.44 TeV, respectively, with ALICE. In addition, the recently proposed higher-order correlation between $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$, $v_2$, and $v_3$ is measured for the first time, which shows an anticorrelation for the presented centrality ranges. These measurements are compared with hydrodynamic calculations using IP-Glasma and ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{R}}\mathrm{ENTo}$ initial-state shapes, the former based on the Color Glass Condensate effective theory with gluon saturation, and the latter a parameterized model with nucleons as the relevant degrees of freedom. The data are better described by the IP-Glasma rather than the ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{R}}\mathrm{ENTo}$ based calculations. In particular, Trajectum and JETSCAPE predictions, both based on the ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{R}}\mathrm{ENTo}$ initial state model but with different parameter settings, fail to describe the measurements. As the correlations between $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$ and $v_{\mathrm{n}}$ are mainly driven by the correlations of the size and the shape of the system in the initial state, these new studies pave a novel way to characterize the initial state and help pin down the uncertainty of the extracted properties of the quark$-$gluon plasma recreated in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

arXiv comment20 pages, 2 captioned figures, authors from page 14, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/7506

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