Color Glass Condensate and Glasma

Abstract

We review the Color Glass Condensate effective theory, that describes the gluon content of a high energy hadron or nucleus, in the saturation regime. The emphasis is put on applications to high energy heavy ion collisions. After describing initial state factorization, we discuss the Glasma phase, that precedes the formation of an equilibrated quark-gluon plasma. We end this review with a presentation of recent developments in the study of the isotropization and thermalization of the quark-gluon plasma.

Invited review for International Journal of Modern Physics; based on lectures given at the 22nd Jyvaskyla Summer School, August 2012; 55 pages; v2: some extra references

References in corpus (36)

• The Color Glass Condensate
• Viscosity Information from Relativistic Nuclear Collisions: How Perfect is the Fluid Observed at RHIC?
• Some Features of the Glasma
• NLO evolution of color dipoles
• Quark contribution to the small-$x$ evolution of color dipole
• Dihadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
• Triumvirate of Running Couplings in Small-x Evolution
• Hydrodynamic Models for Heavy Ion Collisions
• Non-linear QCD meets data: A global analysis of lepton-proton scattering with running coupling BK evolution
• Forward inclusive dijet production and azimuthal correlations in pA collisions
• Solving The High Energy Evolution Equation Including Running Coupling Corrections
• Long Range Correlations and the Soft Ridge in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Energy density of the Glasma
• Anomalous Viscosity of an Expanding Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Instabilities of an anisotropically expanding non-Abelian plasma: 1D+3V discretized hard-loop simulations
• High energy factorization in nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Initial Singularity of the Little Bang
• On the Origin of the "Ridge" phenomenon induced by Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Bottom-up isotropization in classical-statistical lattice gauge theory
• High energy factorization in nucleus-nucleus collisions II - Multigluon correlations
• Universality of the saturation scale and the initial eccentricity in heavy ion collisions
• Role of quantum fluctuations in a system with strong fields: Onset of hydrodynamical flow
• Running coupling and power corrections in nonlinear evolution at the high--energy limit
• High energy factorization in nucleus-nucleus collisions III. Long range rapidity correlations
• Ultraviolet avalanche in anisotropic non-Abelian plasmas
• Anomalous Transport Processes in Anisotropically Expanding Quark-Gluon Plasmas
• Non-Abelian Plasma Instabilities for Extreme Anisotropy
• Expanding color flux tubes and instabilities
• Chaotic behavior in classical Yang-Mills dynamics
• Particle production in field theories coupled to strong external sources. II: Generating functions
• Two-particle correlations in high energy collisions and the gluon four-point function
• Small x physics and RHIC data
• Transverse Radial Flow Effects on Two- and Three-Particle Angular Correlations
• Systematics of geometric scaling
• Instabilities in non-expanding glasma
• Equation of state and more from lattice regularized QCD

Cited by in corpus (90)

• Mapping the Phases of Quantum Chromodynamics with Beam Energy Scan
• Advances in QED with intense background fields
• Electromagnetic fields and anomalous transports in heavy-ion collisions --- A pedagogical review
• Production of charged pions, kaons and (anti-)protons in Pb-Pb and inelastic pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Novel Collective Phenomena in High-Energy Proton-Proton and Proton-Nucleus Collisions
• Quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions: an open quantum system approach
• Schwinger mechanism revisited
• The ALICE experiment: a journey through QCD
• Heavy quarkonium suppression in a fireball
• High Gluon Densities in Heavy Ions Collisions
• Centrality and transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow of multi-strange hadrons and $\varphi$ meson in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
• Thermalization, Isotropization and Elliptic Flow from Nonequilibrium Initial Conditions with a Saturation Scale
• Simulating jets and heavy quarks in the Glasma using the colored particle-in-cell method
• Hot QCD Phase Diagram From Holographic Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton Models
• Fluctuations of the initial color fields in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Forward di-hadron back-to-back correlations in $\mathbf{pA}$ collisions from rcBK evolution
• An overview of the experimental study of quark-gluon matter in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Jet momentum broadening in the pre-equilibrium Glasma
• Color Instabilities in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Anisotropic momentum broadening in the 2+1D Glasma: analytic weak field approximation and lattice simulations
• Transport of hard probes through glasma
• Inhomogeneous holographic thermalization
• Thermalization of gluons with Bose-Einstein condensation
• Heavy Quarks Embedded in Glasma
• Neutral pion and $\eta$ meson production in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{\mathbf{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Broken boost invariance in the Glasma via finite nuclei thickness
• Setting the string shoving picture in a new frame
• The cathode tube effect: heavy quarks probing the Glasma in p-Pb collisions
• Jet quenching in glasma
• Heavy Quarks in Turbulent QCD Plasmas
• Non-renormalizability of the classical statistical approximation
• Formulation of the Schwinger mechanism in classical statistical field theory
• The initial state of heavy-ion collisions
• Simulating collisions of thick nuclei in the color glass condensate framework
• Evolution to the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Chiral Magnetic Effect in Heavy Ion Collisions: The Present and Future
• Homogeneous isotropization and equilibration of a strongly coupled plasma with a critical point
• Ballistic diffusion of heavy quarks in the early stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC
• Diffusion of heavy quarks in the early stage of high-energy nuclear collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• Prompt and non-prompt J/$\psi$ production and nuclear modification at mid-rapidity in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Momentum broadening in unstable quark-gluon plasma
• Initial state and thermalization in the Color Glass Condensate framework
• 3-D structure of the Glasma initial state -- Breaking boost-invariance by collisions of extended shock waves in classical Yang-Mills theory
• Towards a full solution of relativistic Boltzmann equation for quark-gluon matter on GPUs
• Quarks Production in the Quark-Gluon Plasma Created in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Kinetic theory of a longitudinally expanding system of scalar particles
• Kinetic evolution of the glasma and thermalization in heavy ion collisions
• Progress on 3+1D Glasma simulations
• Some Aspects of the Theory of Heavy Ion Collisions
• Space-time structure of 3+1D color fields in high energy nuclear collisions
• Double vector meson production in $\gamma \gamma$ interactions at hadronic colliders
• The energy-momentum tensor at the earliest stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Electromagnetic currents induced by color fields
• Towards Collisions of Inhomogeneous Shockwaves in AdS
• Heavy flavor angular correlations as a direct probe of the glasma
• Decisive test of color coherence in proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC
• Evolution of pressures and correlations in the Glasma produced in high energy nuclear collisions
• The "ripples" on relativistically expanding fluid
• Photons from thermalizing matter in heavy ion collisions
• General formulae for dipole Wilson line correlators with the Color Glass Condensate
• Classical model for diffusion and thermalization of heavy quarks in a hot medium: memory and out-of-equilibrium effects
• Observation of strangeness enhancement with charmed mesons in high-multiplicity $p\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=8.16$TeV
• Energy-momentum tensor of the dilute (3+1)D Glasma
• The impact of glasma on heavy flavor azimuthal correlations and spectra
• Elliptic flow in ultra-relativistic collisions with light polarized nuclei
• Small-$x$ evolution of jet quenching parameter
• Gluonic Hot Spot Initial Conditions in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Stretched String with Self-Interaction at High Resolution: Spatial Sizes and Saturation
• Parametric instability of classical Yang-Mills fields in a color magnetic background
• Streched String with Self-Interaction at the Hagedorn Point: Spatial Sizes and Black Hole
• Stability of Classical Chromodynamic Fields
• "QM19 summary talk": Outlook and future of heavy-ion collisions
• J/$\psi$ production at midrapidity in p$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=8.16$ TeV
• Fluctuations of topological charge and chiral density in the early stage of high energy nuclear collisions
• Accessing Topological Fluctuations of Gauge Fields with Chiral Magnetic Effect
• Inclusive, prompt and non-prompt $\mathrm{J}/\psi$ production at midrapidity in p$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Double vector meson production in the International Linear Collider
• From the colour glass condensate to filamentation: Systematics of classical Yang-Mills theory
• Gauge ambiguity of the quark spectrum in the Color Glass Condensate
• Exploring origin of small x saturation in collinear approach
• Perturbative Vacuum Wavefunctional for Gauge Theories in the Milne Space
• Impact of string interactions on the space-time evolution of hadronic vertices
• The Extraordinary Glow
• Hard gluon evolution in the last stage of the bottom-up thermalization
• On transverse momentum broadening in real-time lattice simulations of the glasma and in the weak-field limit
• Gauge invariant momentum broadening of hard probes in glasma
• Searching for initial state fluctuations in heavy ion collisions at FAIR energy using Principal Component Analysis
• Searching for P- and CP-odd effects in heavy ion collisions
• Tree-level correlations in the strong field regime
• Elliptic flow of charm quarks produced in the early stage of pA collisions