The energy-momentum tensor at the earliest stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions

Abstract

Nuclear collisions at high energies produce a gluon field that can be described using the Colour Glass Condensate (CGC) effective theory at proper times $\tau \lesssim 1$ fm/c. The theory can be used to calculate the gluon energy-momentum tensor, which provides information about the early time evolution of the chromo-electric and chromo-magnetic fields, energy density, longitudinal and transverse pressures, and other quantities. We obtain an analytic expression for the energy-momentum tensor using an expansion in the proper time, and working to sixth order. The calculation is technically difficult, in part because the number of terms involved grows rapidly with the order of the $\tau$ expansion, but also because of several subtle issues related to the definition of event-averaged correlators, the method chosen to regulate these correlators, and the dependence of results on the parameters introduced by the regularization and nuclear density profile functions. All of these issues are crucially related to the important question of the extent to which we expect a CGC approach to be able to accurately describe the early stages of a heavy ion collision. We present some results for the evolution of the energy density and the longitudinal and transverse pressures. We show that our calculation gives physically meaningful results up to values of the proper time which are close to the regime at which hydrodynamic simulations are initialized. In a companion paper [1] we give a detailed analysis of several other experimentally relevant quantities that can be calculated from the energy-momentum tensor.

41 pages, 6 figures, published version

References in corpus (13)

• Glauber Modeling in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Event-by-event gluon multiplicity, energy density and eccentricities at RHIC and LHC
• Effects of fluctuations on the initial eccentricity from the Color Glass Condensate in heavy ion collisions
• Impact parameter dependent colour glass condensate dipole model
• Wilson line correlator in the MV model: relating the glasma to deep inelastic scattering
• Eccentricity fluctuations from the Color Glass Condensate at RHIC and LHC
• Energy density of the Glasma
• Initial energy density and gluon distribution from the Glasma in heavy-ion collisions
• Light projectile scattering off the Color Glass Condensate
• Progress on 3+1D Glasma simulations
• Exploring Longitudinal Observables with 3+1D IP-Glasma
• Constraining the initial stages of ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions
• Wilson lines - color charge densities correlators and the production of eta' in the CGC for pp and pA collisions

Cited by in corpus (9)

• Transport of hard probes through glasma
• Jet quenching in glasma
• Spin polarization and correlation of quarks from glasma
• Physical characteristics of glasma from the earliest stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Space-time structure of 3+1D color fields in high energy nuclear collisions
• Evolution of eccentricities induced by geometrical and quantum fluctuations in proton-nucleus collisions
• Cosmology from Strong Interactions
• Elliptic flow of charm quarks produced in the early stage of pA collisions
• Gauge invariant momentum broadening of hard probes in glasma