Hadron production in nuclear collisions at RHIC and high density QCD

Abstract

We analyze the first results on charged particle multiplicity at RHIC in the conventional eikonal approach and in the framework of high density QCD. We extract the fraction $F$ of the hadron multiplicity originating from ``hard'' (i.e. proportional to the number of binary collisions) processes; we find a strong growth of this fraction with energy: $F(\sqrt{s}=56\mathrm{GeV})\simeq 22$, while $F(\sqrt{s}=130\mathrm{GeV})\simeq 37$. This indicates a rapid increase in the density of the produced particles. We outline the predictions of high density QCD for the centrality, energy, and atomic number dependence of hadron production. Surprisingly, the predictions of the conventional eikonal approach and of high density QCD for centrality dependence of hadron multiplicity at $\sqrt{s}=130\mathrm{GeV}$ appear very similar.

Extended and improved version to appear in Phys.Lett.B

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• Glauber model for small system using anisotropic and inhomogeneous density profile of proton
• Scaling properties of direct photon yields in heavy ion collisions
• Energy and centrality dependence of particle multiplicity in heavy ion collisions from $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}$ = 20 to 2760 GeV
• Bose-Einstein correlations in perturbative QCD: $v_n$ dependence on multiplicity
• Multibin correlations in a superposition approach to relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• QCD Matter Thermalization at RHIC and LHC
• Studies of multiplicity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• The Colour Glass Condensate
• CGC, QCD Saturation and RHIC data (Kharzeev-Levin-McLerran-Nardi point of view)
• Forward-backward multiplicity fluctuations in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions with wounded quarks and fluctuating strings
• Two-component model of 2D trigger-associated hadron correlations on rapidity space ${\mathbf{y}}_{\mathbf{ta}}\times {\mathbf{y}}_{\mathbf{tt}}$ derived from 1D ${\mathbf{p}}_{\mathbf{t}}$ spectra for p-p collisions at $\sqrt{\mathbf{s}}=200$ GeV
• Multiplicity fluctuations in the Glauber Monte Carlo approach
• Collective flow and hydrodynamics in large and small systems at the LHC
• Single diffractive production of open heavy flavor mesons
• Gluon multiplicity in coherent diffraction of onium on a heavy nucleus
• Jet production in pA and AA collisions in the perturbative QCD pomeron model
• Centrality and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}Dependenceofthe$dE_{T}/dη$and$dN_{ch}/dη$ in Heavy Ion Collisions at Mid-Rapidity
• Spectrum of diffractively produced gluons in onium-nucleus collisions
• Azimuthal quadrupole correlation from gluon interference in 200 GeV and 7 TeV p+p collisions
• Inclusive production in a QCD and N=4 SYM motivated model for soft interactions
• Elliptic and Triangular Flow of Identified Particles from the AMPT Model at RHIC Energies
• Energy and Centrality dependence of $d{N}_{\mathrm{ch}}/d\eta$ and $d{E}_{\mathrm{T}}/d\eta$ in Heavy-Ion Collisions from $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ =7.7 GeV to 5.02 TeV
• Initial conditions and charged multiplicities in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Colour strings vs. hard pomeron in perturbative QCD
• Glasma flux tubes vs minimum-bias jets in 2D angular correlations on $\eta$ and $\varphi$
• Quarkonium suppression as a probe of a saturated gluon plasma ?
• Elliptic flow from partially thermalized heavy-ion collisions
• Relativistic Heavy-Ion Physics: Experimental Overview
• Rapidity dependence of the photon to pion production ratio in high energy collisions
• Phenomenological models of two-particle correlation distributions on transverse momentum in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• High-energy heavy-ions physics: from RHIC to LHC
• Probing Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{S_{NN}}=2760$ GeV with spectators
• Important experimental observables at RHIC
• Non-extensive (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• The effect of initial nuclear deformation on dielectron photoproduction in hadronic heavy-ion collisions
• Impact of Multiplicity Fluctuations on Entropy Scaling Across System Size
• Forward Hadron Productions in high energy pp collisions from a Monte-Carlo generator for Color Glass Condensate
• Freeze-out dynamics at RHIC
• Universal Freezeout Condition for Charged Hadrons in a Hybrid Approach
• Jet-dilepton conversion from an anisotropic quark-gluon plasma
• Initial conditions from the shadowed Glauber model for Pb+Pb at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Optimal modeling of 1D azimuth correlations in the context of Bayesian inference
• Multiplicity dependence of ${\chi }_c$ and ${\chi }_b$ meson production
• Influence of collective nuclear vibrations on initial state eccentricities in Pb+Pb collisions
• Pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in lead-lead collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.36 TeV
• On statistical fluctuations in collective flows
• Multiplicity-dependent saturation momentum in $p$-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV
• Phenomenology of collinear photon emission from quark-gluon plasma in $AA$ collisions
• Saturation scale fluctuations and multi-particle rapidity correlations
• Additional $J/\Psi$ Suppression from High Density Effects
• Low-x QCD with CMS at the LHC
• Parton energy loss at strong coupling and the universal bound
• The Emerging QCD Frontier: The Electron Ion Collider
• Inclusive cross-sections for jet production in nucleus-nucleus collisions in perturbative QCD
• Initial conditions of heavy ion collisions and small x
• Medium-modification of photon-tagged jets in $AA$ collisions
• Open and hidden charm production in pA collisions
• Heavy quark production in Color Glass Condensate
• Multiplicity and transverse energy of produced gluon in relativistic heavy ion collision
• Measurement of charged hadron multiplicity in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{{\text{s}}_{\text{NN}}}=200$ GeV with the sPHENIX detector
• On the Nuclear Modification Factor at RHIC and LHC
• Beam-energy and system-size dependence of the CME
• Strangeness production in high-multiplicity events
• Strangeness Production at RHIC in the Perturbative Regim
• $J/\psi$ suppression in Pb+Pb collisions and $p_T$ broadening
• Transverse Energy per Charged Particle in Heavy-Ion Collisions: Role of Collective Flow
• Iron Air collision with high density QCD
• Electroproduction of $D$- and $B$-mesons in high-multiplicity $ep$ collisions
• Comparing the PYTHIA Monte Carlo to a two-component (soft + hard) model of hadron production in high-energy p-p collisions
• Gluon saturation effects on J/Psi production in heavy ion collisions
• Charged-particle multiplicity and transverse-energy distribution using the Weibull-Glauber approach in heavy-ion collisions
• Average $p_t$ as a probe of high energy QCD dynamics
• Two Ridges, One Explanation
• Measurement of the transverse energy density in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV with the sPHENIX detector
• Comparison of Nuclear Suppression Effects on Meson Production at High p_T and p_L
• From RHIC to EIC: Nuclear Structure Functions
• Elliptic Flow from Color Glass Condensate
• Initial Conditions and Global Event Properties from Color Glass Condensate
• Nuclear absorption and anomalous $J/\psi$ suppression in Pb+Pb collisions
• Relativistic diffusion model for hadron production in p-Pb collisions at the LHC
• Centrality, system size and energy dependences of charged-particle pseudo-rapidity distribution
• Beam energy dependence of transverse momentum distribution and elliptic flow in Au-Au collisions using HYDJET++ model
• Forward-backward multiplicity correlations at the LHC from independent sources
• Jet quenching in mini-quark-gluon plasma: Medium modification factor $I_{pA}$ for photon-tagged jets
• RHIC data and small x physics
• Structure of the medium formed in heavy ion collisions
• Understanding saturation and AA collisions with an eA collider
• Multiplicity Moments and Hard Processes in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Jet quenching for heavy flavors in $AA$ and $pp$ collisions
• An improved method to access initial states in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Fluctuation and flow probes of early-time correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• A random walk with heavy flavours
• Radiative parton energy loss and baryon stopping in $AA$ collisions
• Transverse Energy ($E_T$) distributions at mid-rapidity in $p$$+$$p$, $d$$+$Au and Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}$=200 GeV and implications for particle production models
• Comprehending particle production at RHIC and LHC energies using global measurements
• What are we learning from RHIC?
• Summary of Results on Hard Probes
• On wounded constituents in nuclear collisions
• Elliptic Flow and Shear Viscosity of the Shattered Color Glass Condensate
• Theoretical aspects of relativistic spin hydrodynamics coupled with electromagnetic fields
• Geometrical Scaling of Direct Photons in Relativistic Heavy Ion and d+Au Collisions
• Elastic parton scattering and non-statistical event-by-event mean-pt fluctuations in Au + Au collisions at RHIC
• Gluon saturation and pseudo-rapidity distributions of charged hadrons at RHIC energy regions
• Effect of running coupling on photon emission from quark gluon plasma
• Investigation of the Spectator Effect on Light Nuclei Production in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at High Baryon Density Region
• Baryon enhancement in high-density QCD and relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Baryon kinetic energy loss in the color flux tube model