De-Confinement and Clustering of Color Sources in Nuclear Collisions

Abstract

A brief introduction of the relationship of string percolation to the Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) phase diagram is presented. The behavior of the Polyakov loop close to the critical temperature is studied in terms of the color fields inside the clusters of overlapping strings, which are produced in high energy hadronic collisions. The non-Abelian nature of the color fields implies an enhancement of the transverse momentum and a suppression of the multiplicities relative to the non overlapping case. The prediction of this framework are compared with experimental results from the SPS, RHIC and LHC for $pp$ and AA collisions. Rapidity distributions, probability distributions of transverse momentum and multiplicities, Bose-Einstein correlations, elliptic flow and ridge structures are used to evaluate these comparison. The thermodynamical quantities, the temperature, and energy density derived from RHIC and LHC data and Color String Percolation Model (CSPM) are used to obtain the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio ($\eta /s$). It was observed that the inverse of ($\eta /s$) represents the trace anomaly $\Delta =(\epsilon -3P)/T^4$. Thus the percolation approach within CSPM can be successfully used to describe the initial stages in high energy heavy ion collisions in the soft region in high energy heavy ion collisions. The thermodynamical quantities, temperature and the equation of state are in agreement with the lattice QCD calculations. Thus the clustering of color sources has a clear physical basis although it cannot be deduced directly from QCD.

107 pages, 37 figures

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Cited by in corpus (37)

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• De-Confinement in high multiplicity proton-proton collisions at LHC energies
• Energy and Centrality Dependent Study of Deconfinement Phase Transition in a Color String Percolation Approach at RHIC Energies
• Thermodynamic and transport properties in Au + Au collisions at RHIC energies from the clustering of color strings
• Interacting color strings as the origin of the liquid behavior of the quark-gluon plasma
• Electrical conductivity of Hot and Dense QCD matter at RHIC BES energies: A Color String Percolation Approach
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• String percolation threshold for elliptically bounded systems
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• Area covered by disks in small-bounded continuum percolating systems: An application to the string percolation model
• String Fragmentation with a Time-Dependent Tension
• Wiedemann-Franz Law For Hot QCD Matter in a Color String Percolation Scenario
• Soft and hard scales of the transverse momentum distribution in the Color String Percolation Model
• Study of QCD dynamics using small systems
• Entropy and Heat Capacity of the transverse momentum distribution for pp collisions at RHIC and LHC energies
• Energy loss as the origin of an universal scaling law of the elliptic flow
• Directed and elliptic flows of protons and deuterons in HADES Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.4$ GeV
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• Jet Transport Coefficient at the Large Hadron Collider Energies in a Color String Percolation Approach
• Scaling behaviours of the $p_T$ spectra for identified hadrons in $pp$ collisions
• Probing the boundary of phase transition of nuclear matter using proton flows in heavy-ion collisions at 2-8 GeV/nucleon
• Fragmentation of Two Repelling Lund Strings
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• Elliptic and triangular flows in dAu collisions at 200 GeV in the fusing color string model
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• Exploring percolation phase transition in the three-dimensional Ising model with machine learning
• Structure of the medium formed in heavy ion collisions
• Flow coefficients in O-O Al-Al and Cu-Cu collisions at 200 GeV in the fusing color string model
• Nuclear physics at the energy frontier: recent heavy ion results from the perspective of the Electron Ion Collider
• Scaling of kinematical, global observables, energy and entropy densities in p+p, p+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions from 0.01 to 13 TeV