Probing the boundary of phase transition of nuclear matter using proton flows in heavy-ion collisions at 2-8 GeV/nucleon

Abstract

Based on the relativistic transport model ART with the hadronic equation of state extended to have a phase transition via the use of the MIT bag model, properties of phase transition of dense nuclear matter formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are investigated. Proton sideward and directed flows are calculated with different equation of states in Au + Au collisions at beam energies of 2, 4, 6 and 8 GeV/nucleon. Compared with AGS experimental data in existence, the boundary of first-order phase transition is roughly confined, i.e., in the range of 2.5-4 times saturation density with temperature about 64-94 MeV. Such constraints are useful for ongoing RHIC Beam Energy Scan-II program to study the QCD matter phase diagram.

arXiv comment5 pages, 5 figures

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• Testing the phase transition parameters inside neutron stars with the production of protons and lambdas in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Double strangeness ${\Xi }^{-}$ production as a probe of nuclear equation of state at high densities
• Probing the incompressibility of dense hadronic matter near QCD phase transition in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• A method for probing the formation of quark matter
• ${\Omega }^{-}$ production as a probe of equation of state of dense matter near the QCD phase transition in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Constraining the Phase-Transition EoS using the Energy Dependence of Directed Flow