Percolation of Color Sources and the determination of the Equation of State of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) produced in central Au-Au collisions at \sqrt S_{NN}= 200 GeV

Abstract

The Color String Percolation Model (CSPM) is used to determine the equation of state (EOS) of the QGP produced in central Au-Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 A GeV using STAR data at RHIC. When the initial density of interacting colored strings exceeds the 2D percolation threshold a cluster is formed, which defines the onset of color deconfinement. These interactions also produce fluctuations in the string tension which transforms the Schwinger particle (gluon) production mechanism into a maximum entropy thermal distribution. The single string tension is determined by identifying the known value of the universal hadron limiting temperature $T_c$ = 167.7 $\pm$ 2.6 MeV with the CSPM percolation temperature at the critical threshold ${\xi }_c$ =1.2. At mid-rapidity the initial Bjorken energy density and the initial temperature determine the number of degrees of freedom consistent with the formation of a $\sim$ 2+1 flavor QGP. An analytic expression for the equation of state, the sound velocity $C_s^2(\xi )$ is obtained in CSPM. The CSPM $C_s^2(\xi )$ and the bulk thermodynamic values $\epsilon /T^4$ and $s/T^3$ are in excellent agreement in the phase transition region with recent lattice QCD simulations (LQCD) by the HotQCD Collaboration.

arXiv comment4 pages, 3 figures

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