Colour Deconfinement in Nuclear Collisions

Abstract

QCD predicts that strongly interacting matter will undergo a transition from a state of hadronic constituents to a plasma of unbound quarks and gluons. We first survey the conceptual features of this transition and its description in finite temperature lattice QCD, before we address its experimental investigation through high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. After considering the conditions achievable in such collisions, we discuss the possible probes to check if the produced medium in its early stages was indeed deconfined. We then elaborate the method that has emerged and the results which were obtained using the most extensively studied deconfinement probe, the suppression of charmonium production. In closing, we discuss possible supporting information provided through the study of soft hadronic probes.

78 pages, 2 tables, 57 figures

Cited by in corpus (112)

• Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities
• From hadrons to quarks in neutron stars: a review
• Hadron production in Au-Au collisions at RHIC
• Collective Flow signals the Quark Gluon Plasma
• Thermalization of Heavy Quarks in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• J/psi absorption by pi and rho mesons in a meson exchange model with anomalous parity interactions
• Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• String Breaking and Quarkonium Dissociation at Finite Temperatures
• Recent results in relativistic heavy ion collisions: from ``a new state of matter'' to "the perfect fluid"
• Rapidity Dependence of Charged Antiparticle-to-Particle Ratios in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV
• Open charm and charmonium production at relativistic energies
• Centrality Dependent Particle Production at $y=0$ and $y\sim 1$ in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(sNN)=200GeV
• Open and hidden charm in proton-nucleus and heavy-ion collisions
• Open charm production in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Description of Hot and Dense Hadron Gas Properties in a New Excluded-Volume model
• QCD Critical Point in a Quasiparticle Model
• Charge correlations using the balance function in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Meson Correlators in Finite Temperature Lattice QCD
• ${\rm Y}$ absorption in hadronic matter
• Shadowing Effects on Vector Boson Production
• Experimental equation of state in proton-proton and proton-antiproton collisions and phase transition to quark gluon plasma
• De-Confinement in small systems: Clustering of color sources in high multiplicity $\bar{p}$p collisions at $\sqrt{s}$= 1.8 TeV
• Measurement of the production of high-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• Percolation of Color Sources and the Shear Viscosity of the QGP in Central A-A Collisions at RHIC and LHC Energies
• Energy and Centrality Dependent Study of Deconfinement Phase Transition in a Color String Percolation Approach at RHIC Energies
• Forward and midrapidity like-particle ratios from p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV
• Strangeness Production in Nuclear Matter and Expansion Dynamics
• Charmonium dynamics in nucleus-nucleus collisions at SPS and FAIR energies
• Charmonium chemistry in A+A collisions at relativistic energies
• Overpopulation of $\bar{\Omega }$ in pp collisions: a way to distinguish statistical hadronization from string dynamics
• Limits of Confinement: The First 15 Years of Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion Studies
• Percolation of Color Sources and the determination of the Equation of State of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) produced in central Au-Au collisions at \sqrt S_{NN}= 200 GeV
• J/psi Suppression and Enhancement in Au+Au Collisions at the BNL RHIC
• The axial anomaly and the phases of dense QCD
• Effective hadronic Lagrangian for charm mesons
• Kinetic Equation for Gluons in the Background Gauge of QCD
• Statistical Coalescence Model Analysis of J/psi Production in Pb+Pb Collisions at 158 A GeV
• Open charm enhancement by secondary interactions in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions?
• The production of charm mesons from quark matter at CERN SPS and RHIC
• Novel subjet observables for jet quenching in heavy-ion collisions
• Particle production in Ultra-relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions : A Statistical-Thermal Model Review
• Investigation of background subtraction techniques for high mass dilepton physics
• Simulations of relativistic-quantum plasmas using real-time lattice scalar QED
• Collective flow of open and hidden charm in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV
• Thermodynamic and transport properties in Au + Au collisions at RHIC energies from the clustering of color strings
• Open and Hidden Charm Production in Heavy Ion Collisions at Ultrarelativistic Energies
• Ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions and the quark-gluon plasma
• Quarkonium dissociation at finite chemical potential
• The Search for the QGP: A Critical Appraisal
• Evidence for non-hadronic interactions of charm degrees of freedom in heavy-ion collisions at relativistic energies
• Percolation Approach to Initial Stage Effects in High Energy Collisions
• Particle multiplicities and particle ratios in excluded volume model
• Effect of geometrical size of the particles in a hot and dense hadron gas
• $J/\psi$ Gluonic Dissociation Revisited : I. Fugacity, Flux And Formation Time Effects
• Kertesz line and embedded monopoles in QCD
• Bottom energy loss and non-prompt $J/\psi$ production in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• From the Dyson-Schwinger to the Transport Equation in the Background Field Gauge of QCD
• Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Matter Formed in $pp$, $p$-Pb, Xe-Xe and Pb-Pb Collisions at the Large Hadron Collider using Color String Percolation Model
• Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions: the first billion seconds
• Charmonium dynamics in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(S)=200 GeV
• $J/\psi$ Gluonic Dissociation Revisited : II. Hydrodynamic Expansion Effects
• J/Psi production in proton induced collisions at FAIR
• Heavy Ion Physics at RHIC
• Dynamics of strange, charm and high momentum hadrons in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions
• The influence of net-quarks on the yields and rapidity spectra of identified hadrons
• Production of $\Lambda$ and ${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{S}}^0$ in jets in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV
• J/ψ$ Gluonic Dissociation Revisited : III. Effects of Transverse Hydrodynamic Flow
• Production of ${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{S}}^0$, $\Lambda$ ($\bar{\Lambda }$), ${\Xi }^{\pm }$ and ${\Omega }^{\pm }$ in jets and in the underlying event in pp and p$-$Pb collisions
• Superpenetration of a high energy Q barQ bound state through random color fields
• Percolation and Deconfinement
• Study of the behavior of nuclear modification factor in freeze-out state
• The High E_T Drop of J/psi to Drell-Yan Ratio from the Statistical c anti-c Coalescence Model
• Hadronic centrality dependence in nuclear collisions
• Net-charge fluctuations and balance functions at the LHC
• BFKL Pomeron at non-zero temperature and integrability of the Reggeon dynamics in multi-colour QCD
• The effect of flow on Hadronic Spectra in an Excluded-Volume Model
• Jet Transport Coefficient at the Large Hadron Collider Energies in a Color String Percolation Approach
• J/psi suppression in heavy ion collisions by quark momentum diffusion
• Phenomenological Evidence for Gluon Depletion in pA Collisions
• Quark-Gluon Plasma Signatures in Nucleus--Nucleus Collisions at CERN SPS
• Pade-related resummations of the pressure of quark-gluon plasma by approximate inclusion of g**6-terms
• Embedded monopoles in quark eigenmodes in SU(2) Yang-Mills Theory
• Heavy Nuclei from RHIC to the Cosmos
• Production of bottomonia states in proton+proton and heavy-ion collisions
• Centrality dependence of K+ produced in Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon
• Fluctuations and Correlations in STAR
• Strange particle production in jets and underlying events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV with PYTHIA8 generator
• Energy and System Size Dependence Study of the Percolation Phase Transition
• On the $x_F$ Distribution of $J/\psi$'s Produced in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Gauge invariant canonical symplectic algorithms for real-time lattice strong-field quantum electrodynamics
• Is the existence of a softest point in the directed flow excitation function an unambiguous signal for the creation of a quark-gluon plasma?
• Charm in nuclear reactions in sqrt(s)=17 and 19 GeV
• Energy Dependence of Short and Long-Range Multiplicity Correlations in Au+Au Collisions from STAR
• Strongly Interacting Matter at Finite Chemical Potential : Hybrid Model Approach
• Correlations and fluctuations studied with ALICE
• Statistical J/psi production and open charm enhancement in Pb+Pb collisions at CERN SPS
• Charmonium interaction in nuclear matter at FAIR
• Finite volume effects on quarkonium dissociation temperature in an impenetrable QGP sphere
• Multiplicity per rapidity in Carruthers and hadron resonance gas approaches
• Charm and leptons
• Production of strange hadrons in jets and underlying events in pp and p-Pb collisions with ALICE
• Limiting Fragmentation in a Thermal Model with Flow
• Results from PHENIX at RHIC with Implications for LHC
• Charmonium dissociation by mesons in heavy-ion collisions
• Results from RHIC with Implications for LHC
• Quarkonium Suppression
• Clustering of Color sources and the Equation of State in Heavy Ion Collisions at RHIC and LHC Energies
• Latest results from RHIC + Progress on determining $\hat{q}L$ in RHI collisions using di-hadron correlations
• How hadron collider experiments contributed to the development of QCD: from hard-scattering to the perfect liquid
• Statistical hadronization of charmed quarks at SPS and RHIC
• Kinetic equation for gluons at the early stage
• An alternative way of plotting the data and results of models of J/psi suppression