Simulating jets and heavy quarks in the Glasma using the colored particle-in-cell method

Abstract

We explore the impact of strong classical color fields, which occur in the earliest stages of heavy-ion collisions and are known as the Glasma, on the classical transport of hard probes, namely heavy quarks and jets. To achieve this, we simulate SU(3) color fields using classical real-time lattice gauge theory and couple them to an ensemble of test particles whose dynamics are described by Wong's equations. We provide an overview of how classical color algebras are constructed and introduce a method to generate random classical SU(3) color charges. We extensively test our numerical particle solver in the limits of infinitely massive heavy quarks and ultra-relativistic light-like jets and obtain excellent quantitative agreement with previous studies. Going towards realistic masses and initial moment, we extract longitudinal and transverse momentum broadening for heavy quarks and jets. The resulting accumulated momenta and the anisotropy of these dynamical hard probes exhibit deviations from limiting scenarios, showing that the full dynamics have a significant effect.

30 pages, 15 figures; v2 added references, fixed typos v3 published in PRD

References in corpus (23)

• The Color Glass Condensate
• Calculating the Jet Quenching Parameter from AdS/CFT
• Some Features of the Glasma
• Event-by-event gluon multiplicity, energy density and eccentricities at RHIC and LHC
• Wilson line correlator in the MV model: relating the glasma to deep inelastic scattering
• Energy density of the Glasma
• Revealing proton shape fluctuations with incoherent diffraction at high energy
• Ultraviolet avalanche in anisotropic non-Abelian plasmas
• High-energy jet quenching in weakly-coupled quark-gluon plasmas
• Jet momentum broadening in the pre-equilibrium Glasma
• Heavy quark diffusion in an overoccupied gluon plasma
• Memory effects on energy loss and diffusion of heavy quarks in the quark-gluon plasma
• Initial energy density and gluon distribution from the Glasma in heavy-ion collisions
• Ballistic diffusion of heavy quarks in the early stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC
• Randomness in infinitesimal extent in the McLerran-Venugopalan model
• Momentum broadening in unstable quark-gluon plasma
• Proton hot spots and exclusive vector meson production
• Medium-induced radiation with vacuum propagation in the pre-hydrodynamics phase
• Progress on 3+1D Glasma simulations
• The glasma initial state at the LHC
• Plasmon mass scale in classical nonequilibrium gauge theory
• Revisiting SU(N) integrals
• Momentum broadening of heavy quarks and jets in the Glasma from classical colored particle simulations

Cited by in corpus (23)

• Jet momentum broadening during initial stages in heavy-ion collisions
• Heavy quark diffusion coefficient in heavy-ion collisions via kinetic theory
• Precise description of medium-induced emissions
• Heavy Quark Momentum Broadening in a Non-Abelian Plasma away from Thermal Equilibrium
• Jet quenching parameter in QCD kinetic theory
• Limiting attractors in heavy-ion collisions
• Heavy flavor angular correlations as a direct probe of the glasma
• Accelerated quantum circuit Monte-Carlo simulation for heavy quark thermalization
• Minijet quenching in non-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma
• The impact of glasma on heavy flavor azimuthal correlations and spectra
• Towards the understanding of heavy quarks hadronization: from leptonic to heavy-ion collisions
• Giving wake to energy-energy correlators: Hydrodynamic response on the celestial sphere
• Real-time correlators in 3+1D thermal lattice gauge theory
• Adiabatic Hydrodynamization and the Emergence of Attractors: a Unified Description of Hydrodynamization in Kinetic Theory
• Bayesian Constraints on Pre-Equilibrium Jet Quenching and Predictions for Oxygen Collisions
• Statistical analysis of pQCD energy loss across system size, flavor, $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$, and $p_T$
• Jet quenching in out-of-equilibrium QCD matter
• Charm balance function in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Limiting attractors in heavy-ion collisions -- the interplay between bottom-up and hydrodynamic attractors
• Elliptic flow of charm quarks produced in the early stage of pA collisions
• Gauge invariant momentum broadening of hard probes in glasma
• Heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient during hydrodynamization via effective kinetic theory
• Heavy quark diffusion coefficient during hydrodynamization -- non-equilibrium vs. equilibrium