Bulk Viscosity and Cavitation in Boost-Invariant Hydrodynamic Expansion

Abstract

We solve second order relativistic hydrodynamics equations for a boost-invariant 1+1-dimensional expanding fluid with an equation of state taken from lattice calculations of the thermodynamics of strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma. We investigate the dependence of the energy density as a function of proper time on the values of the shear viscosity, the bulk viscosity, and second order coefficients, confirming that large changes in the values of the latter have negligible effects. Varying the shear viscosity between zero and a few times s/(4 pi), with s the entropy density, has significant effects, as expected based on other studies. Introducing a nonzero bulk viscosity also has significant effects. In fact, if the bulk viscosity peaks near the crossover temperature Tc to the degree indicated by recent lattice calculations in QCD without quarks, it can make the fluid cavitate -- falling apart into droplets. It is interesting to see a hydrodynamic calculation predicting its own breakdown, via cavitation, at the temperatures where hadronization is thought to occur in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions.

25 pages, 4 figures; 3 footnotes added in v2; 1 footnote amended in v3, which is the version published in JHEP

References in corpus (49)

• Nonlinear Fluid Dynamics from Gravity
• Viscosity Information from Relativistic Nuclear Collisions: How Perfect is the Fluid Observed at RHIC?
• Relativistic viscous hydrodynamics, conformal invariance, and holography
• Equation of state and QCD transition at finite temperature
• A calculation of the bulk viscosity in SU(3) gluodynamics
• Suppression of elliptic flow in a minimally viscous quark-gluon plasma
• Thermodynamics and bulk viscosity of approximate black hole duals to finite temperature quantum chromodynamics
• Multiplicity scaling in ideal and viscous hydrodynamics
• Dissipative Hydrodynamics and Heavy Ion Collisions
• Relativistic Viscous Fluid Dynamics and Non-Equilibrium Entropy
• Bulk viscosity of QCD matter near the critical temperature
• Effect of flow fluctuations and nonflow on elliptic flow methods
• Universal hydrodynamics of non-conformal branes
• Second order hydrodynamic coefficients from kinetic theory
• Effects of Bulk Viscosity at Freezeout
• Spectral sum rules for the quark-gluon plasma
• Interplay of shear and bulk viscosity in generating flow in heavy-ion collisions
• Bulk viscosity in quasi particle models
• The applicability of causal dissipative hydrodynamics to relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Thermal Transport and Drag Force in Improved Holographic QCD
• Origins of Bulk Viscosity at RHIC
• Asymptotics of thermal spectral functions
• Causal Viscous Hydrodynamics for Central Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Bulk Viscosity driven clusterization of quark-gluon plasma and early freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Instability of Boost-invariant hydrodynamics with a QCD inspired bulk viscosity
• Shear Viscosity to Entropy Density Ratio of QCD below the Deconfinement Temperature
• Hydrodynamic description of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Dissipative effects from transport and viscous hydrodynamics
• Transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma from lattice QCD
• Energy-momentum tensor correlators and spectral functions
• Constraining relativistic viscous hydrodynamical evolution
• Stress Tensor and Bulk Viscosity in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Correlation functions of the energy-momentum tensor in SU(2) gauge theory at finite temperature
• An introduction to the Statistical Hadronization Model
• Hydrodynamics of the cascading plasma
• Causal Viscous Hydrodynamics for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Relaxation time of non-conformal plasma
• Elliptic Flow: A Study of Space-Momentum Correlations In Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Evolution of Hot, Dissipative Quark Matter in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Viscous hydrodynamics with bulk viscosity -- uncertainties from relaxation time and initial conditions
• Extensivity of Irreversible Current and Stability in Causal Dissipative Hydrodynamics
• Bulk Viscosity of Interacting Hadrons
• The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and its use for the identification of fireball fragmentation
• Applicability of viscous hydrodynamics at RHIC
• Bulk viscosity effects on elliptic flow
• Computing the viscosity of the QGP on the lattice
• Effects of Bulk Viscosity on $p_T$-Spectra and Elliptic Flow Parameter
• $\eta /s$ of a Relativistic Hadron Gas at RHIC: Approaching the AdS/CFT bound?
• pT-fluctuations and multiparticle clusters in heavy-ion collisions

Cited by in corpus (70)

• The importance of the bulk viscosity of QCD in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Causality and existence of solutions of relativistic viscous fluid dynamics with gravity
• Quasi-Particle Theory of Shear and Bulk Viscosities of Hadronic Matter
• Thermodynamics and Instabilities of a Strongly Coupled Anisotropic Plasma
• The anisotropic N=4 super Yang-Mills plasma and its instabilities
• Transport Coefficients of Bulk Viscous Pressure in the 14-moment approximation
• Integrated Dynamical Approach to Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Bulk viscosity-driven suppression of shear viscosity effects on the flow harmonics at RHIC
• Dark goo: Bulk viscosity as an alternative to dark energy
• Shear and bulk viscosities of the gluon plasma in a quasiparticle description
• Causality of the Einstein-Israel-Stewart Theory with Bulk Viscosity
• Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC
• Coupling Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics to Boltzmann Descriptions
• Hydrodynamic transport coefficients for the non-conformal quark-gluon plasma from holography
• Transport coefficients of a hot QCD medium and their relative significance in heavy-ion collisions
• Bulk and shear viscosities of hot and dense hadron gas
• Far-from-equilibrium search for the QCD critical point
• The Bulk Channel in Thermal Gauge Theories
• Paths to equilibrium in non-conformal collisions
• Phenomenological Consequences of Enhanced Bulk Viscosity Near the QCD Critical Point
• The Bulk Viscosity of a Pion Gas
• Estimating transport coefficients in hot and dense quark matter
• Complete relativistic second-order dissipative hydrodynamics from the entropy principle
• Transport coefficients in Polyakov quark meson coupling model: a relaxation time approximation
• An elementary stringy estimate of transport coefficients of large temperature QCD
• Studying QGP with flow: A theory overview
• Exploring theoretical uncertainties in the hydrodynamic description of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Transport coefficients of the Gribov-Zwanziger plasma
• Progress and Challenges in Small Systems
• Electrical and thermal conductivities of hot and dense hadron gas
• Thermal photons in QGP and non-ideal effects
• Shear viscosity, cavitation and hydrodynamics at LHC
• On the bulk viscosity of anisotropically expanding hot QCD plasma
• Transport properties of anisotropically expanding quark-gluon plasma within a quasi-particle model
• Onset of cavitation in the quark-gluon plasma
• Critical lensing and kurtosis near a critical point in the QCD phase diagram in and out-of-equilibrium
• (3+1)-dimensional anisotropic fluid dynamics with a lattice QCD equation of state
• Particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions: A consistent hydrodynamic approach
• Cavitation and thermal dilepton production in QGP
• Dynamics of QCD Matter -- current status
• Bubble dynamics and the quark-hadron phase transition in nuclear collisions
• Anisotropic fluid dynamical simulations of heavy-ion collisions
• Cavitation in holographic sQGP
• Cavitation in a quark gluon plasma with finite chemical potential and several transport coefficients
• Relativistic Bulk Rheology: From Neutron Star Mergers to Viscous Cosmology
• Flow in heavy-ion collisions - Theory Perspective
• sQGP as hCFT
• Viscous modifications to quark and gluon distribution functions in quark-gluon plasma medium
• The Skinny on Bulk Viscosity and Cavitation in Heavy Ion Collisions
• An estimate of the bulk viscosity of the hadronic medium
• Bulk viscosity for pion and nucleon thermal fluctuation in the hadron resonance gas model
• Bulk viscosity of two-flavor quark matter from the Kubo formalism
• Hadron resonance gas with repulsive mean field interaction: Thermodynamics and transport properties
• Thermal power terms in the Einstein-dilaton system
• Estimating transport coefficients of interacting pion gas with K-matrix cross sections
• Collective flow and hydrodynamics in large and small systems at the LHC
• Rapidity correlations of protons from a fragmented fireball
• Causal third-order viscous hydrodynamics within relaxation-time approximation
• Second order hydrodynamics based on effective kinetic theory and electromagnetic signals from QGP
• Heavy ion collisions and cosmology
• Comparing matching prescriptions between pre-equilibrium and hydrodynamic models in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Wilson loops in the Hamiltonian formalism
• Cavitation effects on the confinement/deconfinement transition
• Thermal photon production in Au+Au collisions: viscous corrections in two different hydrodynamic formalisms
• Charm mass effects in bulk channel correlations
• The Rayleigh Bubble in Quark Matter under a Strong Magnetic Field
• Projecting the likely importance of weak-interaction-driven bulk viscosity in neutron star mergers
• Formulation of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics and its applications in heavy-ion collisions
• Extending Israel-Stewart theory: Causal bulk viscosity at large gradients
• Observables of non-equilibrium phase transition