Anisotropic fluid dynamical simulations of heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

We present VAH, a (3+1)-dimensional simulation that evolves the far-from-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions with anisotropic fluid dynamics. We solve the hydrodynamic equations on an Eulerian grid using the Kurganov-Tadmor algorithm in combination with a new adaptive Runge-Kutta method. Our numerical scheme allows us to start the simulation soon after the nuclear collision, largely avoiding the need to integrate it with a separate pre-equilibrium dynamics module. We test the code's performance by simulating on the Eulerian grid conformal and non-conformal Bjorken flow as well as conformal Gubser flow, whose (0+1)-dimensional solutions are precisely known. Finally, we compare non-conformal anisotropic hydrodynamics to second-order viscous hydrodynamics in central Pb+Pb collisions and find that the former's longitudinal flow profile responds more consistently to the fluid's gradients along the spacetime rapidity direction.

References in corpus (100)

• The Large N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and Supergravity
• Collective flow and viscosity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• Conformal Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics: Applications to RHIC results at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Elliptic and triangular flow in event-by-event (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamics
• Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Derivation of transient relativistic fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation
• Fluctuating Glasma initial conditions and flow in heavy ion collisions
• Holography and hydrodynamics: diffusion on stretched horizons
• Event-by-event anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions from combined Yang-Mills and viscous fluid dynamics
• 3+1D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• New Developments in Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics
• Applying Bayesian parameter estimation to relativistic heavy-ion collisions: simultaneous characterization of the initial state and quark-gluon plasma medium
• Alternative ansatz to wounded nucleon and binary collision scaling in high-energy nuclear collisions
• The importance of the bulk viscosity of QCD in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Holography and colliding gravitational shock waves in asymptotically AdS_5 spacetime
• Particle production and equilibrium properties within a new hadron transport approach for heavy-ion collisions
• The production of photons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• New theories of relativistic hydrodynamics in the LHC era
• Dissipative Dynamics of Highly Anisotropic Systems
• Hydrodynamics Beyond the Gradient Expansion: Resurgence and Resummation
• Multi-system Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD matter
• Highly-anisotropic and strongly-dissipative hydrodynamics for early stages of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Collective flow in p-Pb and d-Pb collisions at TeV energies
• Symmetry constraints on generalizations of Bjorken flow
• Numerical solution of gravitational dynamics in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes
• One fluid to rule them all: viscous hydrodynamic description of event-by-event central p+p, p+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV
• Color Glass Condensate at the LHC: hadron multiplicities in $pp$, $pA$ and $AA$ collisions
• Collective dynamics of the high-energy proton-nucleus collisions
• Fluid Dynamics far from Local Equilibrium
• Effects of fluctuations on the initial eccentricity from the Color Glass Condensate in heavy ion collisions
• Phenomenological constraints on the transport properties of QCD matter with data-driven model averaging
• Particlization in hybrid models
• Correlations from hydrodynamic flow in p-Pb collisions
• GLISSANDO: GLauber Initial-State Simulation AND mOre
• Improved version of the PHOBOS Glauber Monte Carlo
• Flow and interferometry in 3+1 dimensional viscous hydrodynamics
• Event-by-event hydrodynamics and elliptic flow from fluctuating initial state
• Testing viscous and anisotropic hydrodynamics in an exactly solvable case
• Effective kinetic description of event-by-event pre-equilibrium dynamics in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Matching the Nonequilibrium Initial Stage of Heavy Ion Collisions to Hydrodynamics with QCD Kinetic Theory
• Transport Coefficients of Bulk Viscous Pressure in the 14-moment approximation
• Conformal hydrodynamics in Minkowski and de Sitter spacetimes
• The onset of classical QCD dynamics in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• A fully dynamical simulation of central nuclear collisions
• Dynamical initial state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Pseudorapidity distribution and decorrelation of anisotropic flow within CLVisc hydrodynamics
• A transverse momentum differential global analysis of Heavy Ion Collisions
• Boost-Invariant (2+1)-dimensional Anisotropic Hydrodynamics
• Net baryon diffusion in fluid dynamic simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• The eccentricity in heavy-ion collisions from Color Glass Condensate initial conditions
• The anisotropic non-equilibrium hydrodynamic attractor
• Eccentricity fluctuations from the Color Glass Condensate at RHIC and LHC
• Anisotropic Hydrodynamics for Rapidly Expanding Systems
• Second-order (2+1)-dimensional anisotropic hydrodynamics
• Anisotropic Hydrodynamics: Three lectures
• Hydrodynamization in kinetic theory: Transient modes and the gradient expansion
• Highly-anisotropic hydrodynamics in 3+1 space-time dimensions
• Integrated Dynamical Approach to Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Collectivity and electromagnetic radiation in small systems
• Studying the validity of relativistic hydrodynamics with a new exact solution of the Boltzmann equation
• What attracts to attractors?
• Non-boost-invariant anisotropic dynamics
• Do nuclear collisions create a locally equilibrated quark-gluon plasma?
• Bulk Viscosity and Cavitation in Boost-Invariant Hydrodynamic Expansion
• Initial conditions for hydrodynamics from weakly coupled pre-equilibrium evolution
• Derivation of anisotropic dissipative fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation
• 3+1d quasiparticle anisotropic hydrodynamics for ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Solutions of Conformal Israel-Stewart Relativistic Viscous Fluid Dynamics
• Non-boost-invariant motion of dissipative and highly anisotropic fluid
• Dynamically integrated transport approach for heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density
• (3+1)-dimensional dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics at non-zero net baryon density
• Initial state fluctuations in collisions between light and heavy ions
• Colliding shock waves and hydrodynamics in small systems
• Non-equilibrium attractor in high-temperature QCD plasmas
• Exact solutions and attractors of higher-order viscous fluid dynamics for Bjorken flow
• Closing the equations of motion of anisotropic fluid dynamics by a judicious choice of moment of the Boltzmann equation
• Anisotropic hydrodynamics for conformal Gubser flow
• Anisotropic hydrodynamic modeling of 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions
• New approach to initializing hydrodynamic fields and mini-jet propagation in quark-gluon fluids
• Anisotropic matching principle for the hydrodynamics expansion
• Hybrid model with dynamical sources for heavy-ion collisions at BES energies
• Hydrodynamization and non-equilibrium Green's functions in kinetic theory
• Dissipative Hydrodynamic Effects on Baryon Stopping
• Anisotropic fluid dynamics for Gubser flow
• Quasiparticle second-order viscous hydrodynamics from kinetic theory
• Massively parallel simulations of relativistic fluid dynamics on graphics processing units with CUDA
• GLISSANDO 3: GLauber Initial-State Simulation AND mOre..., ver. 3
• Bayesian parameter estimation for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Pre-hydrodynamic evolution and its signatures in final-state heavy-ion observables
• Searching for small droplets of hydrodynamic fluid in proton--proton collisions at the LHC
• How large is the Knudsen number reached in fluid dynamical simulations of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions?
• Anisotropic hydrodynamic modeling of 200 GeV Au-Au collisions
• Dynamical initialization and hydrodynamic modeling of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Exploring the influence of bulk viscosity of QCD on dilepton tomography
• Anisotropic hydrodynamics for conformal Gubser flow
• (3+1)-dimensional anisotropic fluid dynamics with a lattice QCD equation of state
• Hydrodynamic generators in relativistic kinetic theory
• Hanbury Brown--Twiss Interferometry and Collectivity in Small Systems
• The Multiplicity Dependence of Pion Interferometry in Hydrodynamics

Cited by in corpus (11)

• The Present and Future of QCD
• Theories of Relativistic Dissipative Fluid Dynamics
• General-relativistic hydrodynamics of non-perfect fluids: 3+1 conservative formulation and application to viscous black-hole accretion
• Establishing the Range of Applicability of Hydrodynamics in High-Energy Collisions
• Development of transverse flow at small and large opacities in conformal kinetic theory
• Transport coefficients of second-order relativistic fluid dynamics in the relaxation-time approximation
• Fully developed relativistic turbulence
• Applications of emulation and Bayesian methods in heavy-ion physics
• Shakhov-type extension of the relaxation time approximation in relativistic kinetic theory and second-order fluid dynamics
• Far-from-equilibrium hydrodynamic simulations of ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions
• Extended applicability domain of viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics in (2+1)-D Bjorken flow with transverse expansion