Highly-anisotropic hydrodynamics in 3+1 space-time dimensions

Abstract

Recently formulated model of highly-anisotropic and strongly dissipative hydrodynamics is used in 3+1 dimensions to study behavior of matter produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We search for possible effects of the initial high anisotropy of pressure on the final soft-hadronic observables. We find that by appropriate adjustment of the initial energy density and/or the initial pseudorapidity distributions, the effects of the initial anisotropy of pressure may be easily compensated and the final hadronic observables become insensitive to early dynamics. Our results indicate that the early thermalization assumption is not necessary to describe hadronic data, in particular, to reproduce the measured elliptic flow v_2. The complete thermalization of matter (local equilibration) may take place only at the times of about 1-2 fm/c, in agreement with the results of microscopic models.

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