Non-conformal attractor in boost-invariant plasmas
arXiv:2107.05500 · doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2021.136820
Abstract
We study the dissipative evolution of (0+1)-dimensionally expanding media with Bjorken symmetry using the Boltzmann equation for massive particles in relaxation-time approximation. Breaking conformal symmetry by a mass induces a non-zero bulk viscous pressure in the medium. It is shown that even a small mass (in units of the local temperature) drastically modifies the well-known attractor for the shear Reynolds number previously observed in massless systems. For generic nonzero particle mass, neither the shear nor the bulk viscous pressure relax quickly to a non-equilibrium attractor; they approach the hydrodynamic limit only late, at small values of the inverse Reynolds numbers. Only the longitudinal pressure, which is a combination of thermal, shear and bulk viscous pressures, continues to show early approach to a far-off-equilibrium attractor, driven by the rapid longitudinal expansion at early times. Second-order dissipative hydrodynamics based on a gradient expansion around locally isotropic thermal equilibrium fails to reproduce this attractor.
7 pages, 4 figures
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- Exponential Approach to the Hydrodynamic Attractor in Yang-Mills Kinetic Theory
- Opacity dependence of transverse flow, pre-equilibrium and applicability of hydrodynamics in heavy-ion collisions
- Shear flows in far-from-equilibrium strongly coupled fluids
- Hydrodynamic attractors for the speed of sound in holographic Bjorken flow
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- Far-off-equilibrium expansion trajectories in the QCD phase diagram
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- Novel features of attractors and transseries in non-conformal Bjorken flows
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- Role of slow, out-of-equilibrium modes on the dynamic structure factor near the QCD critical point
- Metric anisotropies and nonequilibrium attractor for expanding plasma
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