Novel features of attractors and transseries in non-conformal Bjorken flows

Abstract

In this work we investigate the impact of conformal symmetry breaking on hydrodynamization of a far-from-equilibrium fluid. We find a new kind of transseries solutions for the non-conformal hydrodynamic equations of a longitudinal boost invariant expanding plasma. The new transseries solutions unveil a rich physical structure which arises due to the interplay of different physical scales. In the perfect fluid case the non-conformal speed of sound slows down the cooling of the temperature due to the emergence of logarithmic corrections that depends on the mass of the particle. These terms propagate into the perturbative and non-perturbative sectors of the transseries once viscous corrections are included. The logarithmic mass contributions increase the asymptotic value of the Knudsen number while decreasing the damping rate of the transient non-hydrodynamic modes and thus, yielding to an extremely slow hydrodynamization process where flow lines merge to their forward attractor at extremely late times. The early time free streaming expansion is modified and receives logarithmic mass corrections induced by the shear-bulk couplings. The global flow structure and numerical analyses carried out in our work demonstrate the existence of the early and late-time attractors for the shear viscous tensor and bulk viscous pressure.

37 pages (main text) + 11 pages (appendices + references), 12 figures. v2: Improved discussion, added new figure

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• From moments of the distribution function to hydrodynamics: The non-conformal case
• Causality and stability in first-order conformal anisotropic hydrodynamics
• Resurgence for the non-conformal Bjorken flow with Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics
• Maximally Symmetric Boost-Invariant Solutions of the Boltzmann Equation in Foliated Geometries