Opacity dependence of transverse flow, pre-equilibrium and applicability of hydrodynamics in heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

We evaluate the full opacity dependence of collective flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions within a microscopic kinetic description based on the Boltzmann equation in the conformal relaxation time approximation. By comparing kinetic theory calculations to hydrodynamic and hybrid simulations for an average initial state, we point out shortcomings and inaccuracies of hydrodynamic models and present modified simulation setups to improve them.

arXiv comment35 pages, 15 figures. v2: Several minor changes to spelling, notation, affiliations, acknowledgements, references. Equivalent to version published in PRD. Figure 8 had to be scaled down dramatically because otherwise it wouldn't compile on the arXiv server

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Cited by in corpus (8)

• Far-from-equilibrium attractors with Full Relativistic Boltzmann approach in 3+1 D: moments of distribution function and anisotropic flows $v_n$
• Collective dynamics in heavy and light-ion collisions -- I) Kinetic Theory vs. Hydrodynamics
• Collective dynamics in heavy and light-ion collisions -- II) Determining the origin of collective behavior in high-energy collisions
• High-order Shakhov-like extension of the relaxation time approximation in relativistic kinetic theory
• Solving the QCD effective kinetic theory with neural networks
• Attractors for Flow Observables in 2+1D Bjorken Flow
• Collective effects in O-O and Ne-Ne collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$=5.36 TeV from a hybrid approach
• Extended applicability domain of viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics in (2+1)-D Bjorken flow with transverse expansion