Bayesian analysis of heavy ion collisions with the heavy ion computational framework Trajectum

Abstract

We introduce a model for heavy ion collisions named Trajectum, which includes an expanded initial stage with a variable free streaming velocity $v_{\mathrm{fs}}$ and a hydrodynamic stage with three varying second order transport coefficients. We describe how to obtain a Gaussian Emulator for this 20-parameter model and show results for key observables. This emulator can be used to obtain Bayesian posterior estimates on the parameters, which we test by an elaborate closure test as well as a convergence study. Lastly, we employ the optimal values of the parameters found in [1] to perform a detailed comparison to experimental data from PbPb and $p$Pb collisions. This includes both observables that have been used to obtain these values as well as wider transverse momentum ranges and new observables such as correlations of event-plane angles.

28 pages, 29 figures, see also the companion paper "A transverse momentum differential global analysis of Heavy Ion Collisions" (2010.15130), v2: matches published version

References in corpus (19)

• Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics
• Glauber Modeling in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• The Color Glass Condensate
• Viscosity Information from Relativistic Nuclear Collisions: How Perfect is the Fluid Observed at RHIC?
• Alternative ansatz to wounded nucleon and binary collision scaling in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Constraining the Eq. of State of Super-Hadronic Matter from Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Transport Coefficients of Bulk Viscous Pressure in the 14-moment approximation
• A transverse momentum differential global analysis of Heavy Ion Collisions
• $v_4$, $v_5$, $v_6$, $v_7$: nonlinear hydrodynamic response versus LHC data
• Event-by-event mean $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ fluctuations in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
• Holographic thermalization with radial flow
• Particle spectra and HBT radii for simulated central nuclear collisions of C+C, Al+Al, Cu+Cu, Au+Au, and Pb+Pb from Sqrt(s)=62.4-2760 GeV
• Coupling Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics to Boltzmann Descriptions
• Free-streaming approximation in early dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Multiplicity dependence of (multi-)strange baryons in the canonical ensemble with phase shift corrections
• Revisiting Bayesian constraints on the transport coefficients of QCD
• Relating eccentricity fluctuations to density fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
• Initial conditions of bulk matter in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions

Cited by in corpus (129)

• A transverse momentum differential global analysis of Heavy Ion Collisions
• Determining the jet transport coefficient $\hat{q}$ from inclusive hadron suppression measurements using Bayesian parameter estimation
• Hydrodynamics of spin currents
• Bayesian estimation of the specific shear and bulk viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma with additional flow harmonic observables
• Multi-messenger heavy-ion collision physics
• Theoretical and Experimental Constraints for the Equation of State of Dense and Hot Matter
• Exploring QCD matter in extreme conditions with Machine Learning
• New constraints for QCD matter from improved Bayesian parameter estimation in heavy-ion collisions at LHC
• The Present and Future of QCD
• Hot QCD Phase Diagram From Holographic Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton Models
• The QCD phase diagram and Beam Energy Scan physics: a theory overview
• Causality violations in realistic simulations of heavy-ion collisions
• Non-Abelian Electric Field Correlator at NLO for Dark Matter Relic Abundance and Quarkonium Transport
• Information field based global Bayesian inference of the jet transport coefficient
• Multicomponent relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation
• Exploring theoretical uncertainties in the hydrodynamic description of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Establishing the Range of Applicability of Hydrodynamics in High-Energy Collisions
• The hadronic nucleus-nucleus cross section and the nucleon size
• Interplay between core and corona components in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Development of transverse flow at small and large opacities in conformal kinetic theory
• Dissipative Magnetohydrodynamics for Non-Resistive Relativistic Plasmas
• Baryon transport and the QCD critical point
• Hydrodynamic Attractors in Ultrarelativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Constraining the nucleon size with relativistic nuclear collisions
• Dynamics of the $O(4)$ critical point in QCD
• Progress and Challenges in Small Systems
• Inferring nuclear structure from heavy isobar collisions using Trajectum
• Bayesian quantification of strongly-interacting matter with color glass condensate initial conditions
• Vortex rings from high energy central p+A collisions
• Dynamical exploring the QCD matter at finite temperatures and densities-a short review
• Early-times Yang-Mills dynamics and the characterization of strongly interacting matter with statistical learning
• Efficient emulation of relativistic heavy ion collisions with transfer learning
• Real Time Quarkonium Transport Coefficients in Open Quantum Systems from Euclidean QCD
• Open charm phenomenology with a multi-stage approach to relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Bayesian Inference analysis of jet quenching using inclusive jet and hadron suppression measurements
• Bayesian analysis of (3+1)D relativistic nuclear dynamics with the RHIC beam energy scan data
• Opacity dependence of transverse flow, pre-equilibrium and applicability of hydrodynamics in heavy-ion collisions
• Transport coefficients of quasi-particle models within a new relaxation time approximation of the Boltzmann equation
• Disentangling sources of momentum fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector
• Space-time structure of 3+1D color fields in high energy nuclear collisions
• Maximum entropy kinetic matching conditions for heavy-ion collisions
• Causality violations in simulations of large and small heavy-ion collisions
• Measures of azimuthal anisotropy in high-energy collisions
• Statistical analysis of initial state and final state response in heavy-ion collisions
• Mapping out the thermodynamic stability of a QCD equation of state with a critical point using active learning
• Measurements of jet quenching using semi-inclusive hadron+jet distributions in pp and central Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Applications of emulation and Bayesian methods in heavy-ion physics
• Flow correlations from a hydrodynamics model with dynamical freeze-out and initial conditions based on perturbative QCD and saturation
• Examination of nucleon distribution with Bayesian imaging for isobar collisions
• Bayesian approach to long-range correlations and multiplicity fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Constraining the Woods-Saxon potential in fusion reactions based on the neural network
• Multicomponent second-order dissipative relativistic hydrodynamics with binary reactive collisions
• Accessing the speed of sound in relativistic ultracentral nucleus-nucleus collisions using the mean transverse momentum
• Hydrodynamic fluctuations and ultra-central flow puzzle in heavy-ion collisions
• Pre-hydrodynamic evolution in large and small systems
• Investigating the elliptic anisotropy of identified particles in p--Pb collisions with a multi-phase transport model
• Hard probe path lengths and event-shape engineering of the quark-gluon plasma
• Assessing the ultracentral flow puzzle in hydrodynamic modeling of heavy-ion collisions
• Leading order, next-to-leading order, and non-perturbative parton collision kernels: effects in static and evolving media
• Constraining the initial stages of ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions
• Relativistic quantum fluid with boost invariance
• Stochastic hydrodynamics and hydro-kinetics: Similarities and differences
• Non-equilibrium components in very low transverse momentum region in high-energy nuclear collisions
• The impact of glasma on heavy flavor azimuthal correlations and spectra
• Energy-momentum tensor of the dilute (3+1)D Glasma
• Bayesian Inference of the Specific Shear and Bulk Viscosities of the Quark-Gluon Plasma at Crossover from $\varphi$ and $\Omega$ Observables
• On model emulation and closure tests for 3+1D relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Pre-hydrodynamic evolution and its impact on quark-gluon plasma signatures
• Temperature and net baryochemical potential dependence of $\eta /s$ in a hybrid approach
• Checking Non-Flow Assumptions and Results via PHENIX Published Correlations in $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Au, $d$$+$Au, ${}^3$He$+$Au at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
• Extraction of ground-state nuclear deformations from ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Nuclear structure physics context
• Collective dynamics in heavy and light-ion collisions -- I) Kinetic Theory vs. Hydrodynamics
• The BEST framework for the search for the QCD critical point and the chiral magnetic effect
• Higher-order correlations between different moments of two flow amplitudes in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Symmetry plane correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Adiabatic Hydrodynamization and the Emergence of Attractors: a Unified Description of Hydrodynamization in Kinetic Theory
• Bayesian Constraints on Pre-Equilibrium Jet Quenching and Predictions for Oxygen Collisions
• Computational budget optimization for Bayesian parameter estimation in heavy ion collisions
• Flavor and path-length dependence of jet quenching from inclusive jet and γ-jet suppression
• Impact of Multiplicity Fluctuations on Entropy Scaling Across System Size
• Supercooled Goldstone Bosons at the QCD Chiral Phase Transition
• Observation of suppressed charged-particle production in ultrarelativistic oxygen-oxygen collisions
• Using the non-hydrodynamic mode to study the onset of hydrodynamic behavior in ultraperipheral symmetric nuclear collisions
• Ultra fast, event-by-event heavy-ion simulations for next generation experiments
• Comparing matching prescriptions between pre-equilibrium and hydrodynamic models in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Quantification of the low-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ pion excess in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC and top RHIC energy
• Hydrodynamics in the Carrollian regime
• Mapping properties of the quark gluon plasma in Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• Boost-invariant superfluid flows
• Study of $⟨p_{\mathrm{T}}⟩$ and its higher moments, and extraction of the speed of sound in Pb-Pb collisions with ALICE
• Correlation between particle spectra and elliptic flow
• Observation of long-range collective flow in OO and NeNe collisions and implications for nuclear structure studies
• Toward a foundation model for heavy-ion collision experiments based on point-cloud diffusion
• Modification of charged-particle jets in event-shape engineered Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Spectral BBGKY: a scalable scheme for nonlinear Boltzmann and correlation kinetics
• Quenching through the QCD chiral phase transition
• SMASH as an event generator for heavy-ion collisions
• Causal hydrodynamic fluctuations in a one-dimensional expanding system
• Normal mode analysis within a mutilated relaxation time approximation
• Shear viscosity from perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics to the hadron resonance gas at finite baryon, strangeness, and electric charge densities
• Cumulants of conserved charges in hydrodynamic simulations
• Solving the QCD effective kinetic theory with neural networks
• Bremsstrahlung photons from stopping in heavy-ion collisions
• Learning Informed Prior Distributions with Normalizing Flows for Bayesian Analysis
• The size of the quark-gluon plasma in ultracentral collisions: impact of initial density fluctuations on the average transverse momentum
• Bayesian reconstruction of anisotropic flow fluctuations at fixed impact parameter
• Disentangling effects of nucleon size and nucleus structure in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• First measurement of symmetric cumulants of hexagonal flow harmonics in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Neural network enhanced Bayesian global analysis of relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Extracting the speed of sound of QCD from transverse momentum fluctuations
• Universality of scaled particle spectra in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Acausality-driven instabilities in transient relativistic viscous hydrodynamics
• Collective effects in O-O and Ne-Ne collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$=5.36 TeV from a hybrid approach
• Impact of the pre-equilibrium phase for the determination of nuclear geometry in high-energy isobar collisions
• Dynamic modeling for heavy-ion collisions
• Jet momentum reconstruction in the QGP background with machine learning
• Phenomenological constraints on QCD transport with quantified theory uncertainties
• Systematic study of flow vector fluctuations in $\sqrt{{\text{s}}_{{}_{\mathbf{NN}}}}=5.02$ TeV Pb-Pb collisions
• The impact of nuclear deformation on relativistic heavy-ion collisions: assessing consistency in nuclear physics across energy scales
• Normal mode analysis within relativistic massive transport
• Transport and response coefficients in second-order dissipative relativistic hydrodynamics with quantum corrections: probing the quark-gluon plasma
• (3+1)D event-by-event pre-equilibrium dynamics in heavy-ion collisions
• Transport coefficients of chiral fluid dynamics using low-energy effective models
• Longitudinal Dynamics of Large and Small Systems from a 3D Bayesian Calibration of RHIC Top-energy Collision Data
• Impact of spin polarization on transport and thermodynamic coefficients
• Kinematic and dynamical origins of mean-$p_T$ fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
• System-size dependence of $\gamma$-jet modifications in heavy-ion collisions
• Mode-by-mode evolution of Pb-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV in a hybrid model
• Studying the QGP with Jets at the LHC and RHIC