Vortex rings from high energy central p+A collisions

Abstract

Relativistic p+A collisions may produce droplets of quark gluon plasma (QGP) that quickly develop a toroidal vortex structure similar to that of an expanding smoke ring. We present viscous relativistic hydrodynamic calculations of ultra-central p+A collisions and develop an experimental observable to probe the structure, correlating the polarization and momentum of hyperons emitted from the collision. The effect is robust against changes in the definition of vorticity used to calculate the polarization. Experiments at RHIC and LHC may test the existence and strength of the vortex toroids, bringing new evidence to bear on the question of collectivity in the smallest QGP droplets.

arXiv comment5 pages, 4 figures; For v2, references updated; v3 is as published: emphasized that the effect is the same regardless of the "type" of vorticity used in the calculation

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• Polarization phenomenon in heavy-ion collisions
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• Progress and Challenges in Small Systems
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• Global $\Lambda$ polarization in heavy-ion collisions at energies 2.4--7.7 GeV: Effect of Meson-Field Interaction
• Response of a baryon-charged medium to energetic partons
• Vortex rings in heavy-ion collisions at energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 3--30 GeV and possibility of their observation
• Velocity-like maximum polarization: irreversibility and quantum measurements
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• Physics with high-luminosity proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC
• Collectivity in ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions
• Global polarization and spin alignment measurements
• Probing early-time longitudinal dynamics with the $\Lambda$ hyperon's spin polarization in relativistic heavy-ion collisions