Bayesian estimation of the specific shear and bulk viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma with additional flow harmonic observables

Abstract

The transport properties of the strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions are extracted by Bayesian parameter estimate methods with the latest collision beam energy data from LHC. This Bayesian analysis includes sophisticated flow harmonic observables for the first time. We found that the temperature dependence of specific shear viscosity shows weaker than the previous studies. The results prefer a lower value of specific bulk viscosity and a higher switching temperature to reproduce additional observables. However, the improved statistical uncertainties both on the experimental data and hydrodynamic calculations with additional observables do not help to reduce the final credibility ranges much, indicating a need for improving the dynamical collision model before the hydrodynamic takes place. In addition, the sensitivities of experimental observables to the parameters in hydrodynamic model calculations are quantified. It is found that the analysis benefits most from the symmetric cumulants and non-linear flow modes, which mostly reflect non-linear hydrodynamic responses, in constraining the temperature dependence of the specific shear and bulk viscosity in addition to the previously used flow coefficients.

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• Bayesian approach to long-range correlations and multiplicity fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Multicomponent second-order dissipative relativistic hydrodynamics with binary reactive collisions
• Assessing the ultracentral flow puzzle in hydrodynamic modeling of heavy-ion collisions
• Bayesian Inference of the Specific Shear and Bulk Viscosities of the Quark-Gluon Plasma at Crossover from $\varphi$ and $\Omega$ Observables
• Measurement of inclusive and leading subjet fragmentation in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Interplay between core and corona from small to large systems
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