Shear and bulk viscosities of the gluon plasma across the transition temperature from lattice QCD

Abstract

We investigate the temperature dependence of the shear viscosity ($\eta$) and bulk viscosity ($\zeta$) of the gluon plasma using lattice QCD over the range 0.76--2.25$T_c$, extending from below the transition temperature $T_c$ across the transition region and into the deconfined phase. At each temperature, we employ three large, fine lattices, which enables controlled continuum extrapolations of the energy-momentum tensor correlators. Using gradient flow together with a recently developed blocking technique, we achieve percent-level precision for these correlators, providing strong constraints for a model-based spectral analysis. Since the inversion to real-time information is intrinsically ill posed, we extract viscosities by fitting spectral functions whose ultraviolet behavior is matched to the best available perturbative result, while the infrared region is described by a Lorentzian transport peak. The dominant modeling uncertainty associated with the transport peak width is bracketed by varying it over a physically motivated range set by thermal scales. We find that the shear-viscosity-to-entropy-density ratio, $\eta /s$, exhibits a minimum near the transition temperature $T_c$ and increases for $T>T_c$, whereas the bulk-viscosity-to-entropy-density ratio, $\zeta /s$, decreases monotonically over the entire temperature range studied.

arXiv comment16 pages, 10 figures

References in corpus (68)

• Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics
• Viscosity Information from Relativistic Nuclear Collisions: How Perfect is the Fluid Observed at RHIC?
• A New Way to Set the Energy Scale in Lattice Gauge Theories and its Application to the Static Force and ${\alpha }_s$ in SU(2) Yang--Mills Theory
• Conformal Relativistic Viscous Hydrodynamics: Applications to RHIC results at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Properties and uses of the Wilson flow in lattice QCD
• The Effect of Shear Viscosity on Spectra, Elliptic Flow, and HBT Radii
• Transport coefficients in high temperature gauge theories: (II) Beyond leading log
• Higher harmonic anisotropic flow measurements of charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV
• RunDec: a Mathematica package for running and decoupling of the strong coupling and quark masses
• Energy Loss and Flow of Heavy Quarks in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV
• Maximum Entropy Analysis of the Spectral Functions in Lattice QCD
• 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions serve a nearly perfect quark-gluon liquid
• Perturbative analysis of the gradient flow in non-abelian gauge theories
• On the Strongly-Interacting Low-Viscosity Matter Created in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• A calculation of the bulk viscosity in SU(3) gluodynamics
• Simulating elliptic flow with viscous hydrodynamics
• Hydrodynamic Transport Coefficients in Relativistic Scalar Field Theory
• A calculation of the shear viscosity in SU(3) gluodynamics
• Infinite N phase transitions in continuum Wilson loop operators
• The Bulk Viscosity of High-Temperature QCD
• Version 3 of {\tt RunDec} and {\tt CRunDec}
• Has the QCD Critical Point been Signaled by Observations at RHIC ?
• Locality and exponential error reduction in numerical lattice gauge theory
• 3d SU(N) + adjoint Higgs theory and finite temperature QCD
• Precision SU(3) lattice thermodynamics for a large temperature range
• The centrality dependence of elliptic flow, the hydrodynamic limit, and the viscosity of hot QCD
• Chiral symmetry and the Yang--Mills gradient flow
• A novel Bayesian approach to spectral function reconstruction
• Transport Properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma -- A Lattice QCD Perspective
• Bulk viscosity of QCD matter near the critical temperature
• Perturbative QCD Calculations of Elliptic Flow and Shear Viscosity in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV
• Transport coefficients, spectral functions and the lattice
• Transport coefficients from the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model for $SU(3{)}_f$
• Transport coefficients from the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model for $SU(3{)}_f$
• Transport Coefficients in Yang--Mills Theory and QCD
• Källén-Lehmann spectroscopy for (un)physical degrees of freedom
• Temperature dependence of shear viscosity of $SU(3)$--gluodynamics within lattice simulation
• Symanzik improvement of the gradient flow in lattice gauge theories
• Critical point and scale setting in SU(3) plasma: An update
• Determination of Anisotropy Coefficients for SU(3) Gauge Actions from the Integral and Matching Methods
• QCD Shear Viscosity at (almost) NLO
• Heavy quark momentum diffusion from the lattice using gradient flow
• The two-loop energy-momentum tensor within the gradient-flow formalism
• Exploring Nf=2+1 QCD thermodynamics from the gradient flow
• A local factorization of the fermion determinant in lattice QCD
• Temperature dependence of bulk viscosity within lattice simulation of $SU(3)$--gluodynamics
• Next-to-leading order thermal spectral functions in the perturbative domain
• The perturbative QCD gradient flow to three loops
• Thermal quarkonium physics in the pseudoscalar channel
• Correlations of Energy-Momentum Tensor via Gradient Flow in SU(3) Yang-Mills Theory at Finite Temperature
• Energy-momentum tensor on the lattice: non-perturbative renormalization in Yang--Mills theory
• Non-perturbative renormalization of lattice operators in coordinate space
• HotQCD on Multi-GPU Systems
• The sphaleron rate from Euclidean lattice correlators: an exploration
• Thermodynamics in quenched QCD: energy--momentum tensor with two-loop order coefficients in the gradient flow formalism
• Impact of quark quasiparticles on transport coefficients in hot QCD
• Stochastic reconstructions of spectral functions: Application to lattice QCD
• SIMULATeQCD: A simple multi-GPU lattice code for QCD calculations
• Continuous renormalization group $\beta$ function from lattice simulations
• Nearly perfect fluid in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
• Quark Flavour Dependence of the Shear Viscosity in a Quasiparticle Model
• Viscosity of pure-glue QCD from the lattice
• The shear channel spectral function in hot Yang-Mills theory
• Sparse modeling approach to obtaining the shear viscosity from smeared correlation functions
• Cutoff Effects on Energy-Momentum Tensor Correlators in Lattice Gauge Theory
• Lattice $B$-field correlators for heavy quarks
• Lattice QCD noise reduction for bosonic correlators through blocking
• Four-dimensional factorization of the fermion determinant in lattice QCD