Coalescence, the thermal model and multi-fragmentation: The energy and volume dependence of light nuclei production in heavy ion collisions

Abstract

We present results of a phase space coalescence approach within the UrQMD transport and -hybrid model for a very wide range of beam energies from SIS to LHC. The coalescence model is able to qualitatively describe the whole range of experimental data with a fixed set of parameters. Some systematic deviations are observed for very low beam energies where the role of feed down from heavier nuclei and multi-fragmentation becomes relevant. The coalescence results are mostly very close to the thermal model fits. However, both the coalescence approach as well as thermal fits are struggling to simultaneously describe the triton multiplicities measured with the STAR and ALICE experiment. The double ratio of $tp/d^2$, in the coalescence approach, is found to be essentially energy and centrality independent for collisions of heavy nuclei at beam energies of ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{lab}}>10A$ GeV. On the other hand the clear scaling of the $d/p^2$ and $t/p^3$ ratios with the systems volume is broken for peripheral collisions, where a canonical treatment and finite size effects become more important.

arXiv comment10 pages, 9 figures, version accepted for publication. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys (2022)

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• Energy dependence of light hypernuclei production in heavy-ion collisions from a coalescence and statistical-thermal model perspective
• Deuteron yields from LHC: Continuum correlations and in-medium effects
• Cooper-Frye sampling with short-range repulsion
• Model dependence of the number of participant nucleons and observable consequences in heavy-ion collisions
• Elliptic flow of deuterons in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Light-nuclei production in heavy-ion collisions within a thermodynamical approach
• Examination of background effects on light-nuclei yield ratio in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
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• Hypernuclei production with a modified coalescence model in BUU transport calculations
• Probing system size dependence at high baryon density by systematic comparison of Ag+Ag and Au+Au reactions at 1.23$A$ GeV
• Investigating the cluster production mechanism with isospin triggering: Thermal models versus coalescence models
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• A hybrid model for multi-particle production and multi-fragment emission in electron-nucleus collisions at the forthcoming Electron-Ion Collider
• Interactions of the deuteron with a hadronic medium