Effect of finite particle number sampling on baryon number fluctuations

Abstract

The effects of finite particle number sampling on the net baryon number cumulants, extracted from fluid dynamical simulations, are studied. The commonly used finite particle number sampling procedure introduces an additional Poissonian (or multinomial if global baryon number conservation is enforced) contribution which increases the extracted moments of the baryon number distribution. If this procedure is applied to a fluctuating fluid dynamics framework one severely overestimates the actual cumulants. We show that the sampling of so called test-particles suppresses the additional contribution to the moments by at least one power of the number of test-particles. We demonstrate this method in a numerical fluid dynamics simulation that includes the effects of spinodal decomposition due to a first order phase transition. Furthermore, in the limit where anti-baryons can be ignored, we derive analytic formulas which capture exactly the effect of particle sampling on the baryon number cumulants. These formulas may be used to test the various numerical particle sampling algorithms.

9 pages 3 figures

References in corpus (13)

• The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
• The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit
• Elliptic and triangular flow in event-by-event (3+1)D viscous hydrodynamics
• Fully integrated transport approach to heavy ion reactions with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage
• Triangular flow in event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200A$ GeV
• Strongly Intensive Quantities
• Non-thermal p/pi ratio at LHC as a consequence of hadronic final state interactions
• Thermally Fluctuating Second-Order Viscous Hydrodynamics and Heavy-Ion Collisions
• An Overview of STAR Experimental Results
• Multiplicity dependent and non-binomial efficiency corrections for particle number cumulants
• Efficient formulas for efficiency correction of cumulants
• Fluctuations of the $K/\pi$ Ratio in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: Statistical and Transport Models
• Hydrodynamic fluctuations near a critical endpoint and Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry

Cited by in corpus (13)

• The QCD phase diagram and Beam Energy Scan physics: a theory overview
• A machine learning study to identify spinodal clumping in high energy nuclear collisions
• Particlization with local event-by-event conservation laws
• Phase transitions and critical behavior in hadronic transport with a relativistic density functional equation of state
• Quartic cumulant of baryon number in the presence of QCD critical point
• Effects of local event-by-event conservation laws in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions at the particlization
• Critical point fluctuations: Finite size and global charge conservation effects
• Different Realizations of Cooper-Frye Sampling with Conservation Laws
• Dynamics of critical fluctuations: Theory -- phenomenology -- heavy-ion collisions
• Speed of sound and liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear matter
• Nuclear interactions and net-proton number fluctuations in heavy ion collisions at the SIS18 accelerator
• The BEST framework for the search for the QCD critical point and the chiral magnetic effect
• Density Functional Equation of State and Its Application to the Phenomenology of Heavy-Ion Collisions