The 3D structure of anisotropic flow in small collision systems at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Abstract

We present (3+1)D dynamical simulations of asymmetric nuclear collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Employing a dynamical initial state model coupled to (3+1)D viscous relativistic hydrodynamics, we explore the rapidity dependence of anisotropic flow in the RHIC small system scan at 200 GeV center of mass energy. We calibrate parameters to describe central ${}^3$He+Au collisions and make extrapolations to d+Au and p+Au collisions. Our calculations demonstrate that approximately 50% of the $v_3(p_T)$ difference between the measurements by the STAR and PHENIX Collaborations can be explained by the use of reference flow vectors from different rapidity regions. This emphasizes the importance of longitudinal flow decorrelation for anisotropic flow measurements in asymmetric nuclear collisions, and the need for (3+1)D simulations. We also present results for the beam energy dependence of particle spectra and anisotropic flow in d+Au collisions.

Include the STAR new data, and include the statistical error and systematic error

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Cited by in corpus (15)

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• Emergence of long-range angular correlations in low-multiplicity proton-proton collisions
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• A Gaussian Process Generative Model for QCD Equation of State
• Bayesian Model Selection and Uncertainty Propagation for Beam Energy Scan Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Probing QGP droplets with charmonium in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions
• Observation of long-range collective flow in OO and NeNe collisions and implications for nuclear structure studies
• Transport-based initial conditions for heavy-ion collisions at finite densities
• Collisional and radiative energy loss in small systems
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• Longitudinal Dynamics of Large and Small Systems from a 3D Bayesian Calibration of RHIC Top-energy Collision Data
• Finite $V_{2\Delta }$ puzzle in low-multiplicity pp collisions from ultra-long-range azimuthal correlations in the string-shoving model