Directed Flow Indicates a Crossover Deconfinement Transition in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions

Abstract

Analysis of directed flow ($v_1$) of protons, antiprotons and pions in heavy-ion collisions is performed in the range of incident energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.7--27 GeV. Simulations have been done within a three-fluid model employing a purely hadronic equation of state (EoS) and two versions of the EoS involving deconfinement transitions: a first-order phase transition and a smooth crossover transition. High sensitivity of the directed flow, especially the proton one, to the EoS is found. The crossover EoS is favored by the most part of considered experimental data. A strong wiggle in the excitation function of the proton $v_1$ slope at the midrapidity obtained with the first-order-phase-transition EoS and a smooth proton $v_1$ with positive midrapidity slope, within the hadronic EoS unambiguously disagree with the data. The pion and antiproton $v_1$ also definitely testify in favor of the crossover EoS. The results obtained with deconfinement EoS's apparently indicate that these EoS's in the quark-gluon sector should be stiffer at high baryon densities than those used in the calculation.

arXiv comment9 pages, 6 figures. Version published in Phys. Rev. C

References in corpus (42)

• Shapiro delay measurement of a two solar mass neutron star
• A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary
• Microscopic Models for Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Determination of the Equation of State of Dense Matter
• Flow Study in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions by Fourier Expansion of Azimuthal Particle Distributions
• Hybrid stars that masquerade as neutron stars
• Transverse momentum analysis of collective motion in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Thermalization of gluons in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions by including three-body interactions in a parton cascade
• Collective Flow signals the Quark Gluon Plasma
• Fully integrated transport approach to heavy ion reactions with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage
• Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics: an off-shell transport approach for relativistic energies
• Directed and elliptic flow of charged pions and protons in Pb+Pb collisions at 40 and 158A GeV
• Elliptical flow -- a signature for early pressure in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow of Protons, Antiprotons and Pions in Au+Au Collisions
• Hydrodynamics near the QCD Phase Transition: Looking for the Longest-Lived Fireball
• Parton transport and hadronization from the dynamical quasiparticle point of view
• Antiflow of Nucleons at the Softest Point of the EoS
• Third flow component as QGP signal
• Directed and Elliptic Flow in 158 GeV/Nucleon Pb + Pb Collisions
• Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions within 3-Fluid Hydrodynamics: Hadronic Scenario
• The Phase Transition to the Quark-Gluon Plasma and Its Effect on Hydrodynamic Flow
• Proton and Pion Production Relative to the Reaction Plane in Au + Au Collisions at AGS Energies
• Sideward Flow in Au + Au Collisions Between 2A GeV and 8A GeV
• Novel rapidity dependence of directed flow in high energy heavy ion collisions
• QCD thermodynamics and confinement from a dynamical quasiparticle point of view
• Hydrodynamics and collective behaviour in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Examination of the directed flow puzzle in heavy-ion collisions
• Directed flow, a signal for the phase transition in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions?
• Lattice QCD Constraints on the Nuclear Equation of State
• Nonequilibrium fluid-dynamics in the early stage of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
• The initial state of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision
• Alternative Scenarios of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: I. Baryon Stopping
• Effective String Rope Model for the initial stages of Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Alternative Scenarios of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: II. Particle Production
• Collective Flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions from AGS to SPS
• Baryon Stopping as a Probe of Deconfinement Onset in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Alternative Scenarios of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: III. Transverse Momentum Spectra
• Elliptic Flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions at Energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 2.7--39 GeV
• Elliptic Flow of Protons and Antiprotons in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7--62.4 GeV within Alternative Scenarios of Three-Fluid Dynamics
• Collective Flow Global Collective Flow in Heavy Ion Reactions from the Beginnings to the Future
• Transverse-Mass Spectra in Heavy-Ion Collisions at energies E_{lab} = 2--160 GeV/nucleon
• Phase Evolution and Freeze-out within Alternative Scenarios of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

Cited by in corpus (48)

• Polarization and Vorticity in the Quark Gluon Plasma
• Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow of $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda }$, $K^{\pm }$, $K_s^0$ and $\varphi$ in Au+Au Collisions
• Examination of directed flow as a signature of the softest point of the equation of state in QCD matter
• The Present and Future of QCD
• Estimates of hyperon polarization in heavy-ion collisions at collision energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 4--40 GeV
• Flow and interferometry results from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{{\text{s}}_{NN}}$ = 4.5 GeV
• Momentum-dependent potential and collective flows within the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics approach based on relativistic mean-field theory
• Equation of state dependence of directed flow in a microscopic transport model
• The QCD phase diagram and Beam Energy Scan physics: a theory overview
• Event simulation based on three-fluid hydrodynamics for collisions at energies available at the Dubna Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility and at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Darmstadt
• Mean-field update in the JAM microscopic model: Mean-field effects on collective flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2-20$ GeV energies
• Sensitivity of Au+Au collisions to the symmetric nuclear matter equation of state at 2 -- 5 nuclear saturation densities
• Directed, elliptic and triangular flow of protons in Au+Au reactions at 1.23 AGeV: A theoretical analysis of the recent HADES data
• First, second, third and fourth flow harmonics of deuterons and protons in Au+Au reactions at 1.23 A GeV
• Vorticity in heavy-ion collisions at the JINR Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility
• Correlation between global polarization, angular momentum and flow in heavy-ion collisions
• Probing initial baryon stopping and equation of state with rapidity-dependent directed flow of identified particles
• Sensitivity of the excitation functions of collective flow to relativistic scalar and vector meson interactions in the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model RQMD.RMF
• The first moment of azimuthal anisotropy in nuclear collisions from AGS to LHC energies
• Directed flow of $\Lambda$ in high-energy heavy-ion collisions and $\Lambda$ potential in dense nuclear matter
• Robustness of the Baryon-Stopping Signal for the Onset of Deconfinement in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Vortex rings in fragmentation regions in heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 39 GeV
• Structure in the speed of sound: from neutron stars to heavy-ion collisions
• Enhancement of elliptic flow can signal a first order phase transition in high energy heavy ion collisions
• What can we learn from the directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at BES RHIC energies?
• Splitting of proton-antiproton directed flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Vorticity and Particle Polarization in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Three-fluid Hydrodynamics-based Event Simulator Extended by UrQMD final State interactions (THESEUS) for FAIR-NICA-SPS-BES/RHIC energies
• Revisit of directed flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from a multiphase transport model
• Directed flow and global polarization in Au+Au collisions across energies covered by the beam energy scan at RHIC
• Bulk Properties of the Matter Produced at Energies of the Beam Energy Scan Program
• Global $\Lambda$ polarization in heavy-ion collisions at energies 2.4--7.7 GeV: Effect of Meson-Field Interaction
• Entropy production in chemically non-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma created in central Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energies
• Does non-monotonic behavior of directed flow signal the onset of deconfinement?
• Estimates of the baryon densities attainable in heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program
• Anti-flow of Mesons in the High Baryon Density Region
• Recent selected theory developments for NICA
• Examination of STAR fixed-target data on directed flow at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 3 and 4.5 GeV
• Directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at NICA: what is interesting to measure?
• Light-nuclei production in heavy-ion collisions within a thermodynamical approach
• Effect of hadronic interaction on the flow of $K^{\ast 0}$
• Directed flow in heavy-ion collisions and its implications for astrophysics
• Directed flow of quarks from the RHIC Beam Energy Scan measured by STAR
• Vortex rings in heavy-ion collisions at energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 3--30 GeV and possibility of their observation
• Study of collective flows of protons and ${\pi }^{-}$ -mesons in p(C, Ta) and He(Li, C) collisions at momenta of 4.2, 4.5 and 10 AGeV/c
• Predictions of baryon directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density
• Constraining the Phase-Transition EoS using the Energy Dependence of Directed Flow
• Space-time regions of high baryon density and baryon stopping in heavy-ion collisions