Estimates of the baryon densities attainable in heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program

Abstract

The baryon and energy densities attained in fragmentation regions in central Au+Au collisions in the energy range of the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) are estimated within the model of the three-fluid dynamics. It is shown that a considerable part of the baryon charge is stopped in the central fireball. Even at 39 GeV, approximately 70% of the total baryon charge turns out to be stopped. The fraction of this stopped baryon charge decreases with collision energy rise, from 100% at 7.7 GeV to $\sim$40% at 62 GeV. The highest initial baryon densities of the thermalized matter, $n_B/n_0\approx$ 10, are reached in the central region of colliding nuclei at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 20--40 GeV. These highest densities develop up to quite moderate freeze-out baryon densities at the midrapidity because the matter of the central fireball is pushed out to fragmentation regions by one-dimensional expansion. Therefore, consequences of these high initial baryon densities can be observed only in the fragmentation regions of colliding nuclei in AFTER@LHC experiments in the fixed-target mode.

arXiv comment9 pages, 5 figures. The article is substantially revised. The version accepted in PRC

References in corpus (30)

• Microscopic Models for Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Gluon Distribution Functions for Very Large Nuclei at Small Transverse Momentum
• Bulk Properties of the Medium Produced in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions from the Beam Energy Scan Program
• Challenges in QCD matter physics - The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR
• Dynamical initial state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions within 3-Fluid Hydrodynamics: Hadronic Scenario
• Physics Opportunities of a Fixed-Target Experiment using the LHC Beams
• Optimal conditions for exploring high-density baryonic matter
• Dynamical phase trajectories for relativistic nuclear collisions
• Examination of the directed flow puzzle in heavy-ion collisions
• Lattice QCD Constraints on the Nuclear Equation of State
• Directed Flow Indicates a Crossover Deconfinement Transition in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Alternative Scenarios of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: I. Baryon Stopping
• Net baryon density in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Color Instabilities in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Microscopic models and effective equation of state in nuclear collisions at FAIR energies
• Dynamical Freeze-out in 3-Fluid Hydrodynamics
• Alternative Scenarios of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: II. Particle Production
• Baryon stopping and saturation physics in relativistic collisions
• Collective Deceleration of Ultrarelativistic Nuclei and Creation of Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Elliptic Flow in Heavy-Ion Collisions at Energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 2.7--39 GeV
• On freeze-out problem in relativistic hydrodynamics
• What can we learn from the directed flow in heavy-ion collisions at BES RHIC energies?
• Elliptic Flow of Protons and Antiprotons in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7--62.4 GeV within Alternative Scenarios of Three-Fluid Dynamics
• Entropy Production and Effective Viscosity in Heavy-Ion Collisions
• High Baryon Densities in Heavy Ion Collisions at Energies Attainable at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• Ion induced quark-gluon implosion
• Baryon deceleration by strong chromofields in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions
• Bulk Properties of the Matter Produced at Energies of the Beam Energy Scan Program
• High baryon and energy densities achievable in heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 39 GeV

Cited by in corpus (7)

• Estimates of hyperon polarization in heavy-ion collisions at collision energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 4--40 GeV
• Momentum-dependent potential and collective flows within the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics approach based on relativistic mean-field theory
• Correlation between global polarization, angular momentum and flow in heavy-ion collisions
• Estimation of the freeze-out parameters reachable in the AFTER@LHC project
• Equilibration and baryon densities attainable in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Distribution of Nuclear Matter and Radiation in the Fragmentation Region
• Space-time regions of high baryon density and baryon stopping in heavy-ion collisions