The first moment of azimuthal anisotropy in nuclear collisions from AGS to LHC energies

Abstract

We review topics related to the first moment of azimuthal anisotropy ($v_1$), commonly known as directed flow, focusing on both charged particles and identified particles from heavy-ion collisions. Beam energies from the highest available, at the CERN LHC, down to projectile kinetic energies per nucleon of a few GeV per nucleon, as studied in experiments at the Brookhaven AGS, fall within our scope. We focus on experimental measurements and on theoretical work where direct comparisons with experiment have been emphasized. The physics addressed or potentially addressed by this review topic includes the study of Quark Gluon Plasma, and more generally, investigation of the Quantum Chromodynamics phase diagram and the equation of state describing the accessible phases.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in Advances in High Energy Physics

References in corpus (67)

• Experimental and Theoretical Challenges in the Search for the Quark Gluon Plasma: The STAR Collaboration's Critical Assessment of the Evidence from RHIC Collisions
• Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration
• Quark Gluon Plasma an Color Glass Condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment
• The PHOBOS Perspective on Discoveries at RHIC
• Microscopic Models for Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
• Relativistic Hadron-Hadron Collisions in the Ultra-Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model (UrQMD)
• A Multi-Phase Transport Model for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Methods for analyzing anisotropic flow in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Flow Study in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions by Fourier Expansion of Azimuthal Particle Distributions
• Azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at sqrtsNN = 200 GeV
• Transverse momentum analysis of collective motion in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Flow analysis with cumulants: direct calculations
• Collective Flow signals the Quark Gluon Plasma
• Triangularity and Dipole Asymmetry in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Fully integrated transport approach to heavy ion reactions with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage
• Chiral Magnetic Wave
• Possibility of spontaneous parity violation in hot QCD
• System Size, Energy, Pseudorapidity, and Centrality Dependence of Elliptic Flow
• Directed and elliptic flow of charged pions and protons in Pb+Pb collisions at 40 and 158A GeV
• Partonic effects on the elliptic flow at relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Hydrodynamic Models for Heavy Ion Collisions
• Elliptical flow -- a signature for early pressure in ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Chiral magnetic wave at finite baryon density and the electric quadrupole moment of quark-gluon plasma in heavy ion collisions
• Baryon Number, Strangeness and Electric Charge Fluctuations in QCD at High Temperature
• Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow of Protons, Antiprotons and Pions in Au+Au Collisions
• Results from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Antiflow of Nucleons at the Softest Point of the EoS
• Third flow component as QGP signal
• Directed and Elliptic Flow in 158 GeV/Nucleon Pb + Pb Collisions
• Energy dependence of charged pion, proton and anti-proton transverse momentum spectra for Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_NN} = 62.4 and 200 GeV
• From Kadanoff-Baym dynamics to off-shell parton transport
• Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions within 3-Fluid Hydrodynamics: Hadronic Scenario
• Proton and Pion Production Relative to the Reaction Plane in Au + Au Collisions at AGS Energies
• Sideward Flow in Au + Au Collisions Between 2A GeV and 8A GeV
• System-size independence of directed flow at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider
• Novel rapidity dependence of directed flow in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Pionic Measures of Parity and CP Violation in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Where is the chiral critical point in 3-flavor QCD?
• Mean-Field Effects on Collective Flows in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions at 2-158A GeV energies
• Examination of the directed flow puzzle in heavy-ion collisions
• Directed flow, a signal for the phase transition in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions?
• Examination of directed flow as a signature of the softest point of the equation of state in QCD matter
• Directed flow of charged particles at mid-rapidity relative to the spectator plane in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\rm{NN}}$=2.76 TeV
• Directed flow at midrapidity in heavy-ion collisions
• Early collective expansion: Relativistic hydrodynamics and the transport properties of QCD matter
• Energy dependence of directed flow over a wide range of pseudorapidity in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
• Directed flow in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}$ =62.4 GeV
• Directed Flow Indicates a Crossover Deconfinement Transition in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Pseudorapidity dependence of anisotropic flows in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Production and collective behavior of strange particles in Au + Au collisions at 2--8 AGeV
• Charge-dependent directed flow in asymmetric nuclear collisions
• Fluid Dynamical Prediction of Changed v1-flow at LHC
• Directed Flow of $\Lambda$-Hyperons in 2-6 AGeV Au+Au Collisions
• Rapidity dependent momentum anisotropy at RHIC
• Anti-flow of K${}_s^0$ Mesons in 6 AGeV Au + Au Collisions
• Analysis of directed flow from elliptic flow
• Directed Flow of Identified Particles in Au + Au Collisions at $\sqrtsNN = 200$ GeV at RHIC
• Phase conversion in a weakly first-order quark-hadron transition
• Collective Flow from the Intranuclear Cascade Model
• Directed and elliptic flow of charged particles in Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{{\mathbf{s}}_{\mathbf{NN}}}=$ 22.4 GeV
• Directed Flow of Light Nuclei in Au+Au Collisions at AGS Energies
• Directed flow of transported and non-transported protons in Au+Au collisions from UrQMD model
• Nucleation versus Spinodal decomposition in a first order quark hadron phase transition
• Anisotropic flow in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC from the quark gluon string model with parton rearrangement
• Is soft physics entropy driven?
• Flow at AGS Energies: A Barometer for High Density Effects?

Cited by in corpus (24)

• Status and initial physics performance studies of the MPD experiment at NICA
• Beam-Energy Dependence of Directed Flow of $\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda }$, $K^{\pm }$, $K_s^0$ and $\varphi$ in Au+Au Collisions
• Theoretical and Experimental Constraints for the Equation of State of Dense and Hot Matter
• Flow and interferometry results from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{{\text{s}}_{NN}}$ = 4.5 GeV
• Momentum-dependent potential and collective flows within the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics approach based on relativistic mean-field theory
• Interplay of drag by hot matter and electromagnetic force on the directed flow of heavy quarks
• Vorticity and particle polarization in heavy ion collisions (experimental perspective)
• Mean-field update in the JAM microscopic model: Mean-field effects on collective flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2-20$ GeV energies
• Bulk Properties of the System Formed in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 14.5 GeV
• Polarization phenomenon in heavy-ion collisions
• Azimuthal anisotropy in Cu+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV
• Probing initial baryon stopping and equation of state with rapidity-dependent directed flow of identified particles
• Sensitivity of the excitation functions of collective flow to relativistic scalar and vector meson interactions in the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model RQMD.RMF
• The Role of Baryon Number Conservation in Measurements of Fluctuations
• Longitudinal distribution of initial energy density and directed flow of charged particles in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Enhancement of elliptic flow can signal a first order phase transition in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Energy dependence study of directed flow in Au+Au collisions using an improved coalescence in AMPT model
• Directed flow of open charm in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV using a quark coalescence model
• Directed flow and global polarization in Au+Au collisions across energies covered by the beam energy scan at RHIC
• Hydrodynamic simulations of directed flow for light hadrons in Au+Au and isobar collisions $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=$ 200 GeV
• Directed flow in heavy-ion collisions and its implications for astrophysics
• Probing the profile of bulk matter in p+Pb collisions via directed flow of heavy quarks
• Examining the influence of hadronic interactions on the directed flow of identified particles in RHIC Beam Energy Scan energies using UrQMD model
• Constraining the Phase-Transition EoS using the Energy Dependence of Directed Flow