Strangeness dynamics and transverse pressure in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions

Abstract

We investigate hadron production as well as transverse hadron spectra from proton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions from 2 $A\cdot$GeV to 21.3 $A\cdot$TeV within two independent transport approaches (HSD and UrQMD) that are based on quark, diquark, string and hadronic degrees of freedom. The comparison to experimental data on transverse mass spectra from $pp$, $pA$ and C+C (or Si+Si) reactions shows the reliability of the transport models for light systems. For central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions at bombarding energies above $\sim$ 5 A$\cdot$GeV, furthermore, the measured $K^{\pm }$ transverse mass spectra have a larger inverse slope parameter than expected from the default calculations. We investigate various scenarios to explore their potential effects on the $K^{\pm }$ spectra. In particular the initial state Cronin effect is found to play a substantial role at top SPS and RHIC energies. However, the maximum in the $K^{+}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio at 20 to 30 A$\cdot$GeV is missed by ~40% and the approximately constant slope of the $K^{\pm }$ spectra at SPS energies is not reproduced either. Our systematic analysis suggests that the additional pressure - as expected from lattice QCD calculations at finite quark chemical potential ${\mu }_q$ and temperature $T$- should be generated by strong interactions in the early pre-hadronic/partonic phase of central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions.

20 pages, 15 figures, Phys. Rev. C, in press

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Cited by in corpus (119)

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• Electromagnetic field evolution in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Collective Flow signals the Quark Gluon Plasma
• Fully integrated transport approach to heavy ion reactions with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage
• Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics: an off-shell transport approach for relativistic energies
• Pion and kaon production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A and 30A GeV: Evidence for the onset of deconfinement
• Parton transport and hadronization from the dynamical quasiparticle point of view
• The hot non-perturbative gluon plasma is an almost ideal colored liquid
• Energy dependence of Lambda and Xi production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A, 30A, 40A, 80A, and 158A GeV measured at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron
• Dynamical quasiparticles properties and effective interactions in the sQGP
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• QCD thermodynamics and confinement from a dynamical quasiparticle point of view
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• Hadron Production and Phase Changes in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Examination of the directed flow puzzle in heavy-ion collisions
• Probing the equation of state with pions
• Open and hidden charm in proton-nucleus and heavy-ion collisions
• Probing the density dependence of the symmetry potential at low and high densities
• Chiral symmetry restoration in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
• Azimuthal anisotropies for Au+Au collisions in the parton-hadron transient energy range
• Formation of hypermatter and hypernuclei within transport models in relativistic ion collisions
• Directed and elliptic flow in heavy ion collisions from $E_{\mathrm{beam}}=90$ MeV/nucleon to $E_{c.m.}=200$ GeV/nucleon
• Description of Hot and Dense Hadron Gas Properties in a New Excluded-Volume model
• Chiral symmetry restoration versus deconfinement in heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density
• Statistical production of antikaon nuclear bound states in heavy ion collisions
• Dissipation and elliptic flow at RHIC
• Probing the density dependence of the symmetry potential in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions
• Investigating the collision energy dependence of $\eta$/s in RHIC beam energy scan using Bayesian statistics
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• Alternative Scenarios of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: I. Baryon Stopping
• Elliptic Flow Analysis at RHIC: Fluctuations vs. Non-Flow Effects
• Bose-Einstein correlations of pion pairs in central Pb+Pb collisions at CERN SPS energies
• The effect of "pre-formed" hadron potentials on the dynamics of heavy ion collisions and the HBT puzzle
• Rise of azimuthal anisotropies as a signature of the Quark-Gluon-Plasma in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Particle Number Fluctuations in High Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions from Microscopic Transport Approaches
• Baryon Junction Loops in HIJING/BBv2.0 and the Baryon/Meson Anomaly at RHIC
• Dynamical Freeze-out in 3-Fluid Hydrodynamics
• Review of Results from the NA49 Collaboration
• Production of spectator hypermatter in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Strange hadron production in heavy ion collisions from SPS to RHIC
• Forward-backward correlations in nucleus-nucleus collisions: baseline contributions from geometrical fluctuations
• D-Dbar Correlations as a sensitive probe for thermalization in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Alternative Scenarios of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: II. Particle Production
• The effect of partonic wind on charm quark correlations in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Baryon Stopping as a Probe of Deconfinement Onset in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Alternative Scenarios of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: III. Transverse Momentum Spectra
• Formation of hypernuclei in heavy-ion collisions around the threshold energies
• Effects of a phase transition on two-pion interferometry in heavy-ion collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.4-7.7$ GeV
• Charmonium dynamics in nucleus-nucleus collisions at SPS and FAIR energies
• Kaon and Pion production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Direct photon production from hadronic sources in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Measurement of charged pions in 12C + 12C collisions at 1A GeV and 2A GeV with HADES
• Fluctuations of the $K/\pi$ Ratio in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: Statistical and Transport Models
• Theoretical analysis of a possible observation of the chiral magnetic effect in Au + Au collisions within the RHIC beam energy scan program
• Strangeness production at SPS energies
• Anisotropic flow at RHIC: How unique is the number-of-constituent-quark scaling?
• A model comparison of resonance lifetime modifications, a soft equation of state and non-Gaussian effects on $\pi -\pi$ correlations at FAIR/AGS energies
• Strangeness production time and the K+/pi+ horn
• Baryon Stopping in Heavy-Ion Collisions at E_{lab}= 2--160 GeV/nucleon
• Collective flow of open and hidden charm in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV
• How Sensitive are Di-Leptons from Rho Mesons to the High Baryon Density Region?
• Transport model study of nuclear stopping in heavy ion collisions over an energy range from 0.09A GeV to 160A GeV
• Energy, centrality and momentum dependence of dielectron production at collider energies in a coarse-grained transport approach
• Hadron yields and fluctuations at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron: system size dependence from Pb+Pb to p+p collisions
• Systematics of chemical freeze-out parameters in heavy-ion collision experiments
• Formation of exotic baryon clusters in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Strong Color Field Baryonic Remnants in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at 200A GeV
• Extraction of the sound velocity from rapidity spectra: Evidence for QGP formation at FAIR/RHIC-BES energies
• Baryon Number and Electric Charge Fluctuations in Pb+Pb Collisions at SPS energies
• Universal behavior of baryons and mesons transverse momentum distributions in the framework of percolation of strings
• Jet quenching by (pre--)hadronic final state interactions at RHIC
• Multiplicity Fluctuations in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: Dependence on Energy and Atomic Number
• Elliptic Flow Analysis at RHIC with the Lee-Yang Zeroes Method in a Relativistic Transport Approach
• Transverse-Mass Effective Temperature in Heavy-Ion Collisions from AGS to SPS
• Transport model analysis of particle correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions at femtometer scales
• Multiplicity Fluctuations in Proton-Proton and Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
• Nonequilibrium Models of Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Transverse Pressure and Strangeness Dynamics in Relativistic Heavy Ion Reactions
• The effect of Lorentz-like force on collective flows of K${}^{+}$ in Au+Au collisions at 1.5 GeV/nucleon}{The effect of Lorentz-like force on collective flows of $K^{+}$ in Au+Au collisions at 1.5 GeV/nucleon
• Baryon-antibaryon dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Transport model analysis of the transverse momentum and rapidity dependence of pion interferometry at SPS energies
• SPS energy scan results and physics prospects at FAIR
• Pion freeze-out as seen through HBT correlations in heavy ion collisions from FAIR/AGS to RHIC energies
• Multiplicity Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC
• Dilepton production in the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma
• Canonical Strangeness and Distillation Effects in Hadron Production
• Novel scheme for parametrizing the chemical freeze-out surface in Heavy Ion Collision Experiments
• Probing the momentum dependence of medium modifications of the nucleon-nucleon elastic cross sections
• Transverse-Mass Spectra in Heavy-Ion Collisions at energies E_{lab} = 2--160 GeV/nucleon
• Canonical suppression in microscopic transport models
• Computation of pion and kaon heavy ion multiplicities in a gluon-meson model
• Mach Cones and Hydrodynamic Flow: Probing Big Bang Matter in the Laboratory
• Energy densities and equilibration in heavy ion collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV with the quark-gluon string model
• Baryon stopping as a signal of the mixed phase onset
• Strangeness production within Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD)
• Evidence for chiral symmetry restoration in heavy-ion collisions
• Collision Energy Dependence of Particle Ratios and Freeze-out Parameters in Ultra Relativistic Nucleus Nucleus Collisions
• Energy dependence of strangeness production
• Deconfinement energy threshold: analysis of hadron yields at 11.6 A GeV
• Expansion dynamics of Pb-Pb collisions at 40 A GeV/c viewed by negatively charged hadrons
• Dilepton production from parton interactions in the early stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Production and rescattering of strange baryons at SPS energies in a transport model with hadron potentials
• System-size dependence of the pion freeze-out volume as a potential signature for the phase transition to a Quark Gluon Plasma
• Onset of Deconfinement and Critical Point - Future Ion Program at the CERN SPS
• Transverse momentum spectra of hadrons produced in central heavy-ion collisions
• Collective properties of nucleus-nucleus collisions from AGS to LHC energies
• Probing the QGP Phase Boundary with Thermal Properties of $\varphi$ Mesons
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• The QGP phase in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Parton-hadron dynamics in heavy-ion collisions
• Dileptons from the nonequilibrium Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Imprints of a critical point on photon emission
• Intermittency of charged particles in the hybrid UrQMD+CMC model at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• The QGP dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Summary of theoretical contributions
• Use of the Meta-analysis and Kolmogorov Criteria in the Finding of Singularities of a Nuclear Matter Created in Ultra Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• The quest for the quark-gluon plasma from the perspective of dynamical models of relativistic heavy-ion collisions