Multiplicity Fluctuations in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: Dependence on Energy and Atomic Number

Abstract

Event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations in central C+C, S+S, In+In, and Pb+Pb as well as p+p collisions at bombarding energies from 10 to 160 AGeV are studied within the HSD and UrQMD microscopic transport approaches. Our investigation is directly related to the future experimental program of the NA61 Collaboration at the SPS for a search of the QCD critical point. The dependence on energy and atomic mass number of the scaled variances for negative, positive, and all charged hadrons is presented and compared to the results of the model of independent sources. Furthermore, the nucleus-nucleus results from the transport calculations are compared to inelastic proton-proton collisions for reference. We find a dominant role of the participant number fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus reactions at finite impact parameter $b$. In order to reduce the influence of the participant numbers fluctuations on the charged particle multiplicity fluctuations only the most central events have to be selected. Accordingly, the samples of the 1% most central nucleus-nucleus collisions with the largest numbers of the projectile participants are studied. The results are compared with those for collisions at zero impact parameter. A strong influence of the centrality selection criteria on the multiplicity fluctuations is pointed out. Our findings are essential for an optimal choice of colliding nuclei and bombarding energies for the experimental search of the QCD critical point.

26 pages, 12 figures, extended version, to be published in Phys. Rev. C

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• Fluctuations of the $K/\pi$ Ratio in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: Statistical and Transport Models
• Binomial acceptance corrections for particle number distributions in high-energy reactions
• Longitudinal fluctuations of the center of mass of the participants in heavy-ion collisions
• Hadron yields and fluctuations at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron: system size dependence from Pb+Pb to p+p collisions
• Recent Developments in the Study of Deconfinement in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
• Event-by-event fluctuations in p+p and central A+A collisions within relativistic transport models
• $K/\pi$, $K/p$ and $p/\pi$ Ratio Fluctuations within the HSD Transport Approach
• Energy and system size dependence of strongly intensive fluctuation measures in heavy-ion collisions at FAIR energies
• Centrality Dependence of Multiplicity Fluctuations in Ion-Ion Collisions from the Beam Energy Scan at FAIR