Dilepton Radiation in Heavy-Ion Collisions at Small Transverse Momentum

Abstract

We study the invariant-mass distributions of dileptons produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at very low pair transverse momenta, $P_T\le 0.15$ GeV. Specifically, we investigate the interplay of thermal radiation with initial photon annihilation processes, $\gamma \gamma \to l^{+}{l}^{-}$, triggered by the coherent electromagnetic fields of the incoming nuclei. For the thermal radiation, we employ the emission from the QGP and hadronic phases with in-medium vector spectral functions which describes the inclusive excess radiation observed over a wide range of collision energies. For the coherent photon fusion processes, whose spectrum is much softer than for thermal radiation, we employ initial fluxes from the Fourier transform of charge distributions of the colliding nuclei in the equivalent-photon approximation. We first verify that the combination of photon fusion, thermal radiation and final-state hadron decays gives a fair description of the low-$P_T$ dilepton mass spectra as recently measured by the STAR collaboration in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=200 GeV Au+Au collisions for different centrality classes, including experimental acceptance cuts. The coherent contribution dominates in peripheral collisions, while thermal radiation shows a markedly stronger increase with centrality. We perform similar calculations at lower collision energies ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=17.3 GeV) and compare to the acceptance-corrected dimuon excess spectra measured by the NA60 experiment at the CERN SPS; here, the contribution from photoproduction is subleading. We also provide predictions for the ALICE experiment at the LHC; the pertinent excitation function from SPS to LHC energies reveals a nontrivial interplay of photoproduction and thermal radiation.

10 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (8)

• NA60 results on thermal dimuons
• Low-$p_T$ $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ pair production in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and U$+$U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 193 GeV at STAR
• Low Mass Dimuons Produced in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Coherent lepton pair production in hadronic heavy ion collisions
• Two-photon production of dilepton pairs in peripheral heavy ion collisions
• Charmonium Coherent Photoproduction and Hadroproduction with Effects of Quark Gluon Plasma
• Single- and double-scattering production of four muons in ultraperipheral PbPb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
• Discrepancy in low transverse momentum dileptons from relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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• Centrality dependence of dilepton production via $\gamma \gamma$ processes from Wigner distributions of photons in nuclei
• Report on Progress in Physics: Observation of the Breit-Wheeler Process and Vacuum Birefringence in Heavy-Ion Collisions
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