A bag model of matter condensed by the strong interaction

Abstract

Inspired by various astrophysical phenomenons, it is suggested that pulsar-like compact stars are comprised entirely of strangeons (quark-clusters with three-light-flavor symmetry) and a small amount of electrons. In order to better constrain the properties of strangeon stars, we propose a linked bag model to describe the condensed matter by the strong interaction (i.e., strong condensed matter) in both 2-flavoured (nucleons) and 3-flavoured (hyperons, strangeons, etc.) scenarios. The model parameters are calibrated to reproduce the saturation properties of nuclear matter, which are later applied to hyperon matter and strangeon matter. Compared with baryon matter, the derived energy per baryon of strangeon matter is reduced if the strangeon carries a large number of valence quarks, which stiffens the equation of state and consequently increases the maximum mass of strangeon stars. In a large parameter space, the maximum mass and tidal deformability of strangeon stars predicted by the linked bag model are consistent with the current astrophysical constraints. It is found that the maximum mass of strangeon stars can be as large as $\sim 2.5M_{\odot }$, while the tidal deformability of a $1.4M_{\odot }$ strangeon star lies in the range of $180\lesssim {\Lambda }_{1.4}\lesssim 340$.

References in corpus (86)

• Shapiro delay measurement of a two solar mass neutron star
• A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary
• GW170817: Measurements of Neutron Star Radii and Equation of State
• PSR J0030+0451 Mass and Radius from NICER Data and Implications for the Properties of Neutron Star Matter
• A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Millisecond Pulsar Parameter Estimation
• Color superconductivity in dense quark matter
• NJL-model analysis of dense quark matter
• A NICER View of the Massive Pulsar PSR J0740+6620 Informed by Radio Timing and XMM-Newton Spectroscopy
• Equations of state for supernovae and compact stars
• Tidal deformability of neutron stars with realistic equations of state and their gravitational wave signatures in binary inspiral
• Refined Mass and Geometric Measurements of the High-Mass PSR J0740+6620
• Strange Quark Matter and Compact Stars
• Relativistic tidal properties of neutron stars
• Evidence for quark-matter cores in massive neutron stars
• The NANOGrav Nine-year Data Set: Mass and Geometric Measurements of Binary Millisecond Pulsars
• Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of ${}^{208}$Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering
• The 4-loop quark mass anomalous dimension and the invariant quark mass
• Tidal Love Numbers of Neutron and Self-Bound Quark Stars
• Hyperons and massive neutron stars: vector repulsion and SU(3) symmetry
• Constraining the neutron-proton effective mass splitting using empirical constraints on the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy around normal density
• Hyperon Puzzle: Hints from Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations
• Bound H-dibaryon in Flavor SU(3) Limit of Lattice QCD
• Quark Matter In Massive Compact Stars
• Evidence for a Bound H-dibaryon from Lattice QCD
• Interacting quark matter equation of state for compact stars
• Maximum elastic deformations of compact stars with exotic equations of state
• Hyperons in neutron-star cores and two-solar-mass pulsar
• Astrophysical Constraints on the Symmetry Energy and the Neutron Skin of ${}^{208}$Pb with Minimal Modeling Assumptions
• Solid Quark Stars?
• Diverse polarization angle swings from a repeating fast radio burst source
• Estimation of the effect of hyperonic three-body forces on the maximum mass of neutron stars
• Phenomenological QCD equation of state for massive neutron stars
• Implications of the measurement of pulsars with two solar masses for quark matter in compact stars and HIC. A NJL model case study
• GW190814 as a massive rapidly-rotating neutron star with exotic degrees of freedom
• $\Lambda \Lambda$ and N$\Xi$ interactions from Lattice QCD near the physical point
• (No) neutron star maximum mass constraint from hypernuclei
• Shell model versus liquid drop model for strangelets
• PSR 0943+10: a bare strange star?
• Extracting Nuclear Symmetry Energies at High Densities from Observations of Neutron Stars and Gravitational Waves
• Quark matter may not be strange
• Solution of the Hyperon Puzzle within a Relativistic Mean-Field Model
• The role of quark mass in cold and dense perturbative QCD
• Stable multiquark states with heavy quarks in a diquark model
• Neutron star equation of state from the quark level in the light of GW170817
• Lennard-Jones quark matter and massive quark stars
• The Quarkyonic Star
• The rigidity of crystalline color superconducting quark matter
• Was GW170817 a canonical neutron star merger? Bayesian analysis with a third family of compact stars
• Constraints on the symmetry energy and its associated parameters from nuclei to neutron stars
• Multi-pomeron repulsion and the Neutron-star mass
• What do we learn about vector interactions from GW170817?
• Equation of state for neutron stars with hyperons by the variational method
• Relativistic Mean-Field Models with Scaled Hadron Masses and Couplings: Hyperons and Maximum Neutron Star Mass
• Hyperon Puzzle, Hadron-Quark Crossover and Massive Neutron Stars
• Fast spinning strange stars: possible ways to constrain interacting quark matter parameters
• Symmetry energy constraints from GW170817 and laboratory experiments
• Massive hybrid stars with a first order phase transition
• Curvature-slope correlation of nuclear symmetry energy and its imprints on the crust-core transition, radius and tidal deformability of canonical neutron stars
• Hybrid Stars using the Quark-Meson Coupling and Proper Time NJL Models
• Physical Model of Dust Polarization by Radiative Torque Alignment and Disruption and Implications for Grain Internal Structures
• Do the current astronomical observations exclude the existence of non-strange quark stars?
• Towards a Unified Quark-Hadron Matter Equation of State for Applications in Astrophysics and Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Strangeons constitute bulk strong matter-- To test using GW170817
• Probing up-down quark matter via gravitational waves
• Energetics of the superflare from SGR1806-20 an a possible associated gravitational wave burst
• Strangeness and $\Delta$ resonance in compact stars with relativistic-mean-field models
• Systematic study on the quark-hadron mixed phase in compact stars
• Sound velocity in dense stellar matter with strangeness and compact stars
• New equation of states for postmerger supramassive quark stars
• The Radius of PSR J0740+6620 from NICER and XMM-Newton Data
• Neutron Star Constraints on the H Dibaryon
• Bayesian inference of quark star equation of state using the NICER PSR J0030+0451 data
• The optical/UV excess of X-ray dim isolated neutron star: I. bremsstrahlung emission from a strangeon star plasma atmosphere
• H-Dihyperon in Quark Cluster Model
• Studies of two-solar-mass hybrid stars within the framework of Dyson-Schwinger equations
• Effects of $\varphi$-meson on properties of hyperon stars in density dependent relativistic mean field model
• H-cluster stars
• Massive neutron stars and $\Lambda$-hypernuclei in relativistic mean field models
• Pulsar Glitches in a Strangeon Star Model
• The interaction between H-dibaryons
• Pulsar glitches in a strangeon star model. II. The activity
• Strong Matter: Rethinking Philosophically
• Merging strangeon stars II: the ejecta and light curves
• A mixing interpolation method to mimic pasta phases in compact star matter
• Strange Tribaryons as Nona-quark States
• FRB 121102: a star quake-induced repeater?

Cited by in corpus (11)

• Hybrid Strangeon Stars
• Bulk Strong Matter: the Trinity
• Interface effects of quark matter: Light-quark nuggets and compact stars
• Radial and Non-Radial Oscillations of Inverted Hybrid Stars
• Rescaling strange-cluster stars and its implications on gravitational-wave echoes
• Universal relations for anisotropic interacting quark stars
• Bayesian inference of strangeon matter using the measurements of PSR J0437-4715 and GW190814
• Neutron Star versus Neutral Star: On the 90th anniversary of Landau's publication in astrophysics
• Strangelets at finite temperature: nucleon emission rates, interface and shell effects
• Strange Matter
• To detect strong nugget with an acoustic array