Soft Collinear Effective Theory for Heavy WIMP Annihilation

Abstract

In a large class of models for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), the WIMP mass $M$ lies far above the weak scale $m_W$. This work identifies universal Sudakov-type logarithms $\sim \alpha {\log }^2(2M/m_W)$ that spoil the naive convergence of perturbation theory for annihilation processes. An effective field theory (EFT) framework is presented, allowing the systematic resummation of these logarithms. Another impact of the large separation of scales is that a long-distance wave-function distortion from electroweak boson exchange leads to observable modifications of the cross section. Careful accounting of momentum regions in the EFT allows the rigorously disentanglement of this so-called Sommerfeld enhancement from the short distance hard annihilation process. The WIMP is modeled as a heavy-particle field, while the light, energetic, final-state electroweak gauge bosons are treated as soft and collinear fields. Hard matching coefficients are computed at renormalization scale $\mu \sim 2M$, then evolved down to $\mu \sim m_W$, where electroweak symmetry breaking is incorporated and the matching onto the relevant quantum mechanical Hamiltonian is performed. The example of an $SU(2{)}_W$ triplet scalar dark matter candidate annihilating to line photons is used for concreteness, allowing the numerical exploration of the impact of next-to-leading order corrections and log resummation. For $M\simeq 3$ TeV, the resummed Sommerfeld enhanced cross section is reduced by a factor of $\sim 3$ with respect to the tree-level fixed order result.

49 pages, 12 figures. v2: minor changes, typos fixed

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• WIMPs at the Galactic Center
• Heavy Dark Matter Annihilation from Effective Field Theory
• Prospects for dark matter searches in the pMSSM
• Coupling Unification and Dark Matter in a Standard Model Extension with Adjoint Majorana Fermions
• Non-relativistic pair annihilation of nearly mass degenerate neutralinos and charginos III. Computation of the Sommerfeld enhancements
• NLO electroweak potentials for minimal dark matter and beyond