Freezing-in dark matter through a heavy invisible $Z^{\prime }$

Abstract

We demonstrate that in a class of the $U(1{)}^{\prime }$ extension of the Standard Model (SM), under which all the Standard Model matter fields are uncharged and the additional neutral gauge boson $Z^{\prime }$ couples to a set of heavy nonstandard fermions, dark matter (DM) production mediated by $Z^{\prime }$ can proceed through the generation of generalized Chern-Simons (GCS) couplings. The origin of the GCS terms is intimately connected to the cancellation of gauge anomalies. We show that the DM production cross section triggered by GCS couplings is sufficient even for an intermediate scale $Z^{\prime }$ . A large range of DM and Z masses is then allowed for reasonably high reheating temperature ($T_\rh \gtrsim 10^{10}~\text{GeV}$). This type of scenario opens up a new paradigm for unified models. We also study the UV completion of such effective field theory constructions, augmenting it by a heavy fermionic spectrum. The latter, when integrated out, generates the GCS-like terms and provides a new portal to the dark sector. The presence of a number of derivative couplings in the GCS-like operators induces a high temperature dependence to the DM production rate. The mechanism has novel consequences and leads to a new reheating dependence of the relic abundance.

10 pages, 5 figures; v2: Further clarifications added, references updated, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

References in corpus (55)

• Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters
• Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure
• Dark Matter Results from 225 Live Days of XENON100 Data
• Freeze-In Production of FIMP Dark Matter
• The Waning of the WIMP? A Review of Models, Searches, and Constraints
• Largest temperature of the radiation era and its cosmological implications
• The Dawn of FIMP Dark Matter: A Review of Models and Constraints
• Implications of LHC searches for Higgs--portal dark matter
• Production of massive particles during reheating
• The Four Basic Ways of Creating Dark Matter Through a Portal
• Asymmetric Inflationary Reheating and the Nature of Mirror Universe
• Direct detection of Higgs-portal dark matter at the LHC
• Implications of unitarity and gauge invariance for simplified dark matter models
• Vector Higgs-portal dark matter and the invisible Higgs
• Planckian Interacting Massive Particles as Dark Matter
• Higgs searches and singlet scalar dark matter: Combined constraints from XENON 100 and the LHC
• Anomalies, Anomalous U(1)'s and generalized Chern-Simons terms
• New constraints on light vectors coupled to anomalous currents
• Dark forces coupled to non-conserved currents
• The Dark Z' Portal: Direct, Indirect and Collider Searches
• Spin-2 Portal Dark Matter
• Toward (Finally!) Ruling Out Z and Higgs Mediated Dark Matter Models
• Spin-Dependent Weakly-Interacting-Massive-Particle--Nucleon Cross Section Limits from First Data of PandaX-II Experiment
• (In)visible Z' and dark matter
• Theory and Phenomenology of Planckian Interacting Massive Particles as Dark Matter
• Enhancement of the Dark Matter Abundance Before Reheating: Applications to Gravitino Dark Matter
• Dark Matter and Gauge Coupling Unification in Non-supersymmetric SO(10) Grand Unified Models
• Invisible Z' and dark matter: LHC vs LUX constraints
• Thermal and non-thermal production of dark matter via Z'-portal(s)
• Chilly Dark Sectors and Asymmetric Reheating
• Gauge Coupling Unification and Non-Equilibrium Thermal Dark Matter
• Axial Dark Matter: the case for an invisible Z'
• Reopening the Higgs portal for Singlet Scalar Dark Matter
• Freeze-in through portals
• Dark Sunshine: Detecting Dark Matter through Dark Photons from the Sun
• Colored Dark Matter
• The Case for an EeV Gravitino
• Inflation and High-Scale Supersymmetry with an EeV Gravitino
• Z-portal dark matter
• The ZZ' kinetic mixing in the light of the recent direct and indirect dark matter searches
• Extra U(1) as natural source of a monochromatic gamma ray line
• A Minimal Model of Gravitino Dark Matter
• Gravitino Decay in High Scale Supersymmetry with R-parity Violation
• A clear Dark Matter gamma ray line generated by the Green-Schwarz mechanism
• Vector SIMP dark matter
• Extra U(1), effective operators, anomalies and dark matter
• Dark matter in U(1) extensions of the MSSM with gauge kinetic mixing
• $Z$ boson mediated dark matter beyond the effective theory
• Vacuum Stability and Radiative Electroweak Symmetry Breaking in an SO(10) Dark Matter Model
• Surprises from Complete Vector Portal Theories: New Insights into the Dark Sector and its Interplay with Higgs Physics
• Statistical Analyses of Higgs- and Z-Portal Dark Matter Models
• Decaying Vector Dark Matter as an Explanation for the 3.5 keV Line from Galaxy Clusters
• On Dark Matter Interactions with the Standard Model through an Anomalous $Z^{\prime }$
• $Z^{\prime }$ portal to Chern-Simons Dark Matter
• Symmetric and Asymmetric Reheating

Cited by in corpus (53)

• Reheating and Post-inflationary Production of Dark Matter
• Inflaton Oscillations and Post-Inflationary Reheating
• Gravitational Production of Dark Matter during Reheating
• How warm are non-thermal relics? Lyman-$\alpha$ bounds on out-of-equilibrium dark matter
• Ultraviolet Freeze-in and Non-Standard Cosmologies
• Gravitational portals in the early Universe
• Prethermalization Production of Dark Matter
• Radiative Production of Non-thermal Dark Matter
• Gravity as a Portal to Reheating, Leptogenesis and Dark Matter
• Moduli Portal Dark Matter
• Ultraviolet Freeze-in with a Time-dependent Inflaton Decay
• Freeze-in from Preheating
• Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier White Paper: Ultraheavy particle dark matter
• UV Freeze-in in Starobinsky Inflation
• Scalar Dark Matter Production from Preheating and Structure Formation Constraints
• Effective Theory of Freeze-in Dark Matter
• A Dark Matter Interpretation of the ANITA Anomalous Events
• Non-thermal leptogenesis and UV freeze-in of dark matter: impact of inflationary reheating
• Vector SIMP dark matter with approximate custodial symmetry
• The Inflaton Portal to a Highly decoupled EeV Dark Matter Particle
• The case for decaying spin-3/2 dark matter
• Boosting Ultraviolet Freeze-in in NO Models
• Boosting Freeze-in through Thermalization
• Forbidden frozen-in dark matter
• Spontaneous Freeze Out of Dark Matter From an Early Thermal Phase Transition
• Establishing the Dark Matter Relic Density in an Era of Particle Decays
• Dark matter seeping through dynamic gauge kinetic mixing
• Kaluza-Klein FIMP Dark Matter in Warped Extra-Dimensions
• Disformal Dark Matter
• A Model of Metastable EeV Dark Matter
• Non-minimally Coupled Vector Boson Dark Matter
• Energy-Momentum portal to dark matter and emergent gravity
• A testable hidden-sector model for Dark Matter and neutrino masses
• Primordial black hole versus inflaton
• When Freeze-out Precedes Freeze-in: Sub-TeV Fermion Triplet Dark Matter with Radiative Neutrino Mass
• FIMP Dark Matter in Clockwork/Linear Dilaton Extra-Dimensions
• Post-Inflationary Dark Matter Bremsstrahlung
• Gauged Quintessence
• Prospects for a flavour violating $Z^{\prime }$ explanation of $\Delta a_{\mu ,e}$
• Probing feebly interacting dark matter with monojet searches
• FIMP dark matter mediated by massive gauge boson around the phase transition period and the gravitational waves production
• Primordial Gravitational Waves as Probe of Dark Matter in Interferometer Missions: Fisher Forecast and MCMC
• Testing freeze-in with axial and vector $Z^{\prime }$ bosons
• Conformal Portal to Dark Matter
• Anomalous and axial Z' contributions to g-2
• Metastable Conformal Dark Matter
• Dark Matter Freeze-In with a Heavy Mediator: Beyond the EFT Approach
• Mono-$\gamma$ Production of a Vector Dark Matter at Future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Collider
• Dark matter cooling during early matter-domination boosts sub-earth halos
• Indian Contributions to LHC Theory
• String scale interacting dark matter from ${\pi }_1$
• Fingerprints of freeze-in dark matter in an early matter-dominated era
• Constraints on ultraheavy dark matter from the CDEX-10 experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory