Probing the warm dark matter mass with [C II] intensity mapping

Abstract

The nature of dark matter (DM) is still debated. While cold DM (CDM) is the standard paradigm, warm DM (WDM) may ease some small-scale tensions in the $\Lambda$CDM framework. Line-intensity mapping (LIM) offers a novel probe of DM properties. To explore the potential of LIM surveys in constraining the WDM particle mass ($m_{\mathrm{WDM}}$) by means of the [C II] power spectrum (PS), we provide forecasts for the Deep Spectroscopic Survey (DSS) at $z\simeq 3.6$ and extend the analysis to larger sky coverage, higher sensitivity, and/or increased spectral resolution. We developed a formulation for the [C II] PS based on the halo-model approach, incorporating the uncertainty in the luminosity function (LF) through two alternative parameterisations. We performed a Bayesian analysis on mock data to derive constraints on $m_{\mathrm{WDM}}$. In a CDM universe, the DSS yields lower limits on $m_{\mathrm{WDM}}$, at a $95\%$ credibility level, of $1.10$ keV and $0.58$ keV when considering the optimistic and pessimistic LF ($\alpha =-1.1$), respectively. Ambitious surveys can improve these figures to $5.82$ keV and $1.90$ keV, and assuming a steeper faint-end slope ($\alpha =-1.9$) further boosts these limits. A fivefold increase in spectral resolution enhances sensitivity to the damping scale associated with redshift-space distortions, tightening the constraints on $m_{\mathrm{WDM}}$ by a factor of up to $\sim 1.8$. Finally, Bayesian inference on mock data with $m_{\mathrm{WDM}}=3$ keV results in a well-constrained and unbiased posterior only in futuristic survey setups. Upcoming LIM surveys can provide meaningful limits on $m_{\mathrm{WDM}}$, although the negligible contribution from small haloes reduces the constraining power of the [C II] PS. Future progress will benefit from combining multiple redshifts and emission lines, opening the way to competitive constraints on the nature of DM.

13 pages, 11 figures. Published in A&A. This version matches the accepted and published version. No changes to the scientific content relative to the first version

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