Light Dirac neutrino portal dark matter with observable $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$

Abstract

We propose a Dirac neutrino portal dark matter scenario by minimally extending the particle content of the Standard Model (SM) with three right handed neutrinos (${\nu }_R$), a Dirac fermion dark matter candidate ($\psi$) and a complex scalar ($\varphi$), all of which are singlets under the SM gauge group. An additional ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$ symmetry has been introduced for the stability of dark matter candidate $\psi$ and also ensuring the Dirac nature of light neutrinos at the same time. Both the right handed neutrinos and the dark matter thermalise with the SM plasma due to a new Yukawa interaction involving ${\nu }_R$, $\psi$ and $\varphi$ while the latter maintains thermal contact via the Higgs portal interaction. The decoupling of ${\nu }_R$ occurs when $\varphi$ loses its kinetic equilibrium with the SM plasma and thereafter all three ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$ charged particles form an equilibrium among themselves with a temperature $T_{{\nu }_R}$. The dark matter candidate $\psi$ finally freezes out within the dark sector and preserves its relic abundance. We have found that in the present scenario, some portion of low mass dark matter ($M_{\psi }\lesssim 10$ GeV) is already excluded by the Planck 2018 data for keeping ${\nu }_R$s in the thermal bath below a temperature of 600 MeV and thereby producing an excess contribution to $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$. The next generation experiments like CMB-S4, SPT-3G etc. will have the required sensitivities to probe the entire model parameter space of this minimal scenario, especially the low mass range of $\psi$ where direct detection experiments are still not capable enough for detection.

arXiv comment39 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, a new discussion related to the decay of $\varphi$ has been added in Appendix A, new figures are added, new references are added, conclusion remains unchanged, version accepted for publication in JCAP

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