Sterile Neutrinos

Abstract

Neutrinos, being the only fermions in the Standard Model of Particle Physics that do not possess electromagnetic or color charges, have the unique opportunity to communicate with fermions outside the Standard Model through mass mixing. Such Standard Model-singlet fermions are generally referred to as "sterile neutrinos''. In this review article, we discuss the theoretical and experimental motivation for sterile neutrinos, as well as their phenomenological consequences. With the benefit of hindsight in 2020, we point out potentially viable and interesting ideas. We focus in particular on sterile neutrinos that are light enough to participate in neutrino oscillations, but we also comment on the benefits of introducing heavier sterile states. We discuss the phenomenology of eV-scale sterile neutrinos in terrestrial experiments and in cosmology, we survey the global data, and we highlight various intriguing anomalies. We also expose the severe tension that exists between different data sets and prevents a consistent interpretation of the global data in at least the simplest sterile neutrino models. We discuss non-minimal scenarios that may alleviate some of this tension. We briefly review the status of keV-scale sterile neutrinos as dark matter and the possibility of explaining the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe through leptogenesis driven by yet heavier sterile neutrinos.

arXiv commentSubmitted as an invited review for Physics Reports

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• Signals of eV-scale sterile neutrino at long baseline neutrino experiments
• Probing the cosmic sterile-neutrino background with IceCube
• A Right-handed Neutrino Portal to the Hidden sector : Active Neutrinos and their Twins in an F-theory model
• Stable bi-frequency spinor modes as Dark Matter candidates
• Neutrino Theory Overview
• Search for the lepton number violation decay $\omega \to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}{e}^{-}{e}^{-}+c.c.$
• Opening up New Parameter Space for Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter
• Letter of Intent: The Forward Physics Facility
• The eV-Scale Sterile Neutrino and Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
• Freeze-in and Freeze-out in a Right-Handed Neutrino Extended MSSM with a Seesaw Mechanism
• Unified framework for precise background modeling to enhance rare event detection at the Kuo-Sheng nuclear reactor laboratory
• Thermal leptogenesis in the presence of helical hypermagnetic fields
• Constraints on active-sterile neutrino transition magnetic moments from low-energy electronic recoils at direct detection experiments
• Search for Sterile Neutrinos with CUPID-0
• Unraveling the Physical Meaning Behind Elko's Dual structure
• Matter Effects of Sterile Neutrino in Light of Renormalization-Group Equations
• Sterile neutrino production at small mixing in the early universe
• LHC signatures of sterile neutrinos in a minimal radiative extended seesaw framework
• Neutrino flavor mixing with approximate $\mu$-$\tau$ symmetry within the low-scale minimal linear seesaw model
• Testing Non-Standard Neutrinos in Purely Leptonic Lepton Decays
• Low-energy neutrino responses for 71Ga by electron capture rates, charge exchange reactions and shell model calculations