Enhanced Muonization by Active-Sterile Neutrino Mixing in Protoneutron Stars

Abstract

We study ${\nu }_{\mu }$-${\nu }_s$ and ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$-${\bar{\nu }}_s$ mixing in the protoneutron star (PNS) created in a core-collapse supernova (CCSN). We point out the importance of the feedback on the general composition of the PNS in addition to the obvious feedback on the ${\nu }_{\mu }$ lepton number. We show that for our adopted mixing parameters $\delta m^2\sim 10^2$~keV${}^2$ and ${\sin }^{2}2\theta$ consistent with the current constraints, sterile neutrino production is dominated by the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein conversion of ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$ into ${\bar{\nu }}_s$ and that the subsequent escape of ${\bar{\nu }}_s$ increases the ${\nu }_{\mu }$ lepton number, which in turn enhances muonization of the PNS primarily through ${\nu }_{\mu }+n\to p+{\mu }^{-}$. While these results are qualitatively robust, their quantitative effects on the dynamics and active neutrino emission of CCSNe should be evaluated by including ${\nu }_{\mu }$-${\nu }_s$ and ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$-${\bar{\nu }}_s$ mixing in the simulations.

arXiv commentv2: 11 pages, 7 figures. Minor clarifications added, conclusion unchanged. Matches version published in PRD

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