Neutrinos and nucleosynthesis of elements

Abstract

Neutrinos are known to play important roles in many astrophysical scenarios from the early period of the big bang to current stellar evolution being a unique messenger of the fusion reactions occurring in the center of our sun. In particular, neutrinos are crucial in determining the dynamics and the composition evolution in explosive events such as core-collapse supernovae and the merger of two neutron stars. In this paper, we review the current understanding of supernovae and binary neutron star mergers by focusing on the role of neutrinos therein. Several recent improvements on the theoretical modeling of neutrino interaction rates in nuclear matter as well as their impact on the heavy element nucleosynthesis in the supernova neutrino-driven wind are discussed, including the neutrino-nucleon opacity at the mean field level taking into account the relativistic kinematics of nucleons, the effect due to the nucleon-nucleon correlation, and the nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung. We also review the framework used to compute the neutrino-nucleus interactions and the up-to-date yield prediction for isotopes from neutrino nucleosynthesis occurring in the outer envelope of the supernova progenitor star during the explosion. Here improved predictions of energy spectra of supernova neutrinos of all flavors have had significant impact on the nucleosynthesis yields. Rapid progresses in modeling the flavor oscillations of neutrinos in these environments, including several novel mechanisms for collective neutrino oscillations and their potential impacts on various nucleosynthesis processes are summarized.

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• Neutrino Oscillations in Core-Collapse Supernovae and Neutron Star Mergers
• Fast neutrino flavor conversions in a supernova: Emergence, evolution, and effects
• Robust integration of fast flavor conversions in classical neutrino transport
• Collective neutrino oscillations and heavy-element nucleosynthesis in supernovae: exploring potential effects of many-body neutrino correlations
• Asymptotic states of fast neutrino-flavor conversions in the three-flavor framework
• Neutrinos from explosive transients at the dawn of multi-messenger astronomy
• Evolution and the quasistationary state of collective fast neutrino flavor conversion in three dimensions without axisymmetry
• Spectral diversity in collisional neutrino-flavor conversion: flavor equipartition or swap
• Subgrid modeling of neutrino oscillations in astrophysics
• Flavor Equilibration of Supernova Neutrinos: Exploring the Dynamics of Slow Modes
• Supernova Neutrinos: flavour conversion mechanisms and new physics scenarios
• Quantum Closures for Neutrino Moment Transport
• Predicting the outcome of collisional neutrino flavor conversion
• Quantum maximum entropy closure for small flavor coherence
• Diagnosing electron-neutrino lepton number crossings in core-collapse supernovae: A comparison of methods
• Enhanced Muonization by Active-Sterile Neutrino Mixing in Protoneutron Stars
• Many-Body Simulations of the Fast Flavor Instability
• Steady state of fast-oscillating neutrinos in an inhomogeneous medium
• Effects of Annihilation with Low-Energy Neutrinos on High-Energy Neutrinos from Binary Neutron Star Mergers and Rare Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Two-beam Multiparticle Many-body simulations of Inhomogeneous FFI
• Neutrino-Neutron Scattering Opacities in Supernova Matter
• Proton-rich production of lanthanides: the $\nu i$ process
• Neutrino flavor instabilities in neutron star mergers with moment transport: Slow, fast, and collisional modes
• Asymmetric emissions of neutrinos in the cooling of rotating proto-neutron stars
• Nuclear astrophysics
• Occurrence of fast neutrino flavor conversions in QCD phase-transition supernovae
• Approximate Energy-Integration Method for Identifying Collisional Neutrino Flavor Instabilities
• Benchmarking projected generator coordinate method for nuclear Gamow-Teller transitions