Theory of Core-Collapse Supernovae

Abstract

Advances in our understanding and the modeling of stellar core-collapse and supernova explosions over the past 15 years are reviewed, concentrating on the evolution of hydrodynamical simulations, the description of weak interactions and nuclear equation of state effects, and new insights into the nucleosynthesis occurring in the early phases of the explosion, in particular the neutrino-p process. The latter is enabled by the proton-richness of the early ejecta, which was discovered because of significant progress has been made in the treatment of neutrino transport and weak interactions. This progress has led to a new generation of sophisticated Newtonian and relativistic hydrodynamics simulations in spherical symmetry. Based on these, it is now clear that the prompt bounce-shock mechanism is not the driver of supernova explosions, and that the delayed neutrino-heating mechanism can produce explosions without the aid of multi-dimensional processes only if the progenitor star has an ONeMg core inside a very dilute He-core, i.e., has a mass in the 8--10 solar mass range. Hydrodynamic instabilities of various kinds have indeed been recognized to occur in the supernova core and to be of potential importance for the explosion. Neutrino-driven explosions, however, have been seen in two-dimensional simulations with sophisticated neutrino transport so far only when the star has a small iron core and low density in the surrounding shells as being found in stars near 10--11 solar masses. The explosion mechanism of more massive progenitors is still a puzzle. It might involve effects of three-dimensional hydrodynamics or might point to the relevance of rapid rotation and magnetohydrodynamics, or to still incompletely explored properties of neutrinos and the high-density equation of state.

49 pages, 20 figures; submitted to the Bethe Centennial Volume of Physics Reports

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• Supernova neutrino fluxes in HALO-1kT, Super-Kamiokande, and JUNO
• Neutrino deuteron reaction in the heating mechanism of core-collapse supernovae
• Supernovae Shock Breakout/Emergence Detection Predictions for a Wide-Field X-ray Survey
• Neutrino absorption by hot nuclei in supernova environments
• Probing protoneutron stars with gamma-ray axionscopes
• The jittering jets explosion mechanism (JJEM) in electron capture supernovae
• Intersections of ultracold atomic polarons and nuclear clusters: How is a chart of nuclides modified in dilute neutron matter?
• Non-thermal neutrinos created by shock acceleration in successful and failed core-collapse supernova
• GR Effects in Supernova Neutrino Flavor Transformation
• Finite-temperature linear response theory based on relativistic Hartree Bogoliubov model with point-coupling interaction
• Late time supernova neutrino signal and proto-neutron star radius
• An optimization-based approach to calculating neutrino flavor evolution
• Magnetic fields in late-stage proto-neutron stars
• Thermal properties of the nuclear surface
• Correlations among symmetry energy elements in Skyrme models
• Light Curves and Spectra from a Unimodal Core-Collapse SuperNova
• Spin light of neutrino in astrophysical environments
• Computational Models of Stellar Collapse and Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Warm unstable asymmetric nuclear matter: critical properties and the density dependence of the symmetry energy
• Perturbation Analysis of a General Polytropic Homologously Collapsing Stellar Core
• Neutron stars formation and Core Collapse Supernovae
• New bounds on the neutrino magnetic moment from the plasma induced neutrino chirality flip in a supernova
• The velocity distribution of outflows driven by choked jets in stellar envelopes
• Role of residual interaction in the relativistic description of M1 excitation
• Symmetry energy dependence of long timescale isospin transport
• Towards generating a new supernova equation of state: A systematic analysis of cold hybrid stars
• Black hole hyperaccretion in collapsars. II. Gravitational waves
• Neutrino Emissivities from Deuteron-Breakup and Formation in Supernovae
• Core-collapse Supernova Constraint on the Origin of Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter via Neutrino Self-interactions
• Detecting neutrino-boosted axion dark matter in the MeV gap
• Hybrid method to resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy by supernova (anti)neutrino induced reactions
• Mechanical feedback from black hole accretion as an energy source of core-collapse supernova explosions
• Multi-messenger observations of core-collapse supernovae: Exploiting the standing accretion shock instability
• Luminous Type II Short-Plateau SN 2023ufx: Asymmetric Explosion of a Partially-Stripped Massive Progenitor
• Theoretical investigation of the occurrence of tidally excited oscillations in massive eccentric binary systems
• Relativistic equation of state at subnuclear densities in the Thomas-Fermi approximation
• Parameterisations of thermal bomb explosions for core-collapse supernovae and 56Ni production
• Resonant Spin-Flavor Conversion of Supernova Neutrinos: Dependence on Electron Mole Fraction
• Anisotropic neutrinos and gravitational waves from black hole neutrino-dominated accretion flows in fallback core-collapse supernovae
• Pairing effects on neutrino transport in low-density stellar matter
• General Polytropic Magnetofluid under Self-Gravity: Voids and Shocks
• Critical Conditions for Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Symmetry coefficients and incompressibility of clusterized supernova matter
• Hydrodynamic Shock Wave Studies within a Kinetic Monte Carlo Approach
• Solar neutrinos, helicity effects and new affine gravity with torsion II
• Limiting symmetry energy elements from empirical evidence
• Many-body collective neutrino oscillations: recent developments
• Constraining the onset density for the QCD phase transition with the neutrino signal from core-collapse supernovae
• Description of ${}^{93}$Nb stellar electron-capture rates by the Projected Shell Model
• Impact of Rotation on the Multimessenger Signatures of a Hadron-quark Phase Transition in Core-collapse Supernovae
• Light yield of an undoped CsI crystal coupled directly to a photomultiplier tube at 77 Kelvin
• JUNO Physics and Detector
• A modified Brink-Axel hypothesis for astrophysical Gamow-Teller transitions
• Nuclear condensation and symmetry energy of dilute nuclear matter: an S-matrix approach
• Astronomy and astrophysics with gravitational waves in the Advanced Detector Era
• Operation of an archaeological lead PbWO${}_4$ crystal to search for neutrinos from astrophysical sources with a Transition Edge Sensor
• Relativistic self-energy decomposition of nuclear symmetry energy and equation of state of neutron matter within QCD sum rules
• Modeling nuclear weak-interaction processes with relativistic energy density functionals
• Supernova Neutrinos: flavour conversion mechanisms and new physics scenarios
• Pinpointing astrophysical bursts of low-energy neutrinos embedded into the noise
• Is a soft nuclear equation of state extracted from heavy-ion data incompatible with pulsar data?
• Constraining the supersaturation density equation of state from core-collapse supernova simulations - Excluded volume extension of the baryons
• Investigating the role of nuclear parameters on oscillation modes in hot Neutron Stars
• LEvEL: Low-Energy Neutrino Experiment at the LHC
• Multi-messenger observations of neutron rich matter
• Origin of the Chemical Elements
• Magnetic Moments of Astrophysical Neutrinos
• Neutrino diffusion in the pasta phase matter within the Thomas-Fermi approach
• QED Energy-Momentum Trace as a Force in Astrophysics
• Accretion induced black hole spin up revised by numerical GR MHD simulations
• Beta decay and electron capture rates on manganese isotopes in astrophysical environments
• Neutrino-nucleus cross-sections at supernova neutrino energies
• The Skyrme-TQRPA calculations of electron capture on hot nuclei in pre-supernova environment
• Effect of Magnetic Fields on Urca Rates in Neutron Star Mergers
• Hyperons during proto-neutron star deleptonization and the emission of dark flavoured particles
• Ultra-high energy neutrino dispersion in plasma and radiative transition ${\nu }_L\to {\nu }_R+\gamma$
• Expanded calculation of weak-interaction mediated neutrino cooling rates due to ${}^{56}$Ni in stellar matter
• The late jet in gamma-ray bursts and its interactions with a supernova ejecta and a cocoon
• Self-gravitating collapsing star and black hole spin-up in long gamma ray bursts
• The Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background in the Standard and Double Collapse Models
• Dirac-Neutrino Magnetic Moment and the Dynamics of a Supernova Explosion
• Ellipsars: Ring-like explosions from flattened stars
• Neutral Current Coherent Cross Sections- Implications on Gaseous Spherical TPC's for detecting SN and Earth neutrinos
• Turbulence and magnetic field amplification from spiral SASI modes in core-collapse supernovae
• Exploring entanglement and spectral split correlations in three-flavor collective neutrino oscillations
• Creation of Dirac neutrinos in a dense medium with time-dependent effective potential
• Natal kicks of compact objects
• Sensitivity of multi-PMT Optical Modules in Antarctic Ice to Supernova Neutrinos of MeV energy
• Re examination of the effect of Pairing Gaps on Gamow Teller Strength Distributions and beta decay Rates
• Density dependence of symmetry energy and neutron skin thickness revisited using relativistic mean field models with nonlinear couplings
• Production of unstable heavy neutrinos in proto-neutron stars
• Damping of gravitational waves in f(R) gravity
• Novel technique to extract experimental symmetry free energy information of nuclear matter
• Neutrino spectrum and energy loss rates due to weak processes on hot ${}^{56}$Fe in pre-supernova environment
• The first second of SN1987A neutrino emission
• Disappearance of a massive star in the Andromeda Galaxy due to formation of a black hole
• Neutrino induced reactions in core-collapse supernovae: effects on the electron fraction
• Core Collapse Supernova Gravitational Wave Sourcing and Characterization based on Three-Dimensional Models
• Comparison of Electron Capture Rates in the N=50 Region using 1D Simulations of Core-collapse Supernovae
• Detecting Supernova Axions with IAXO
• Surrogate models for lightcurves and photosphere properties of Type II supernovae
• Symmetry breaking of Gamow-Teller and magnetic-dipole transitions and its restoration in calcium isotopes
• Effect of Electron Screening on the Collapsing Process of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Extremely iron-poor O-type stars in the Magellanic Bridge
• Neutrino pair emission from thermally excited nuclei in stellar collapse
• Supernova neutrino detection through neutron emission by nuclei
• Nuclear structure properties and weak interaction rates of even-even Fe isotopes
• Sequency Hierarchy Truncation (SeqHT) for Adiabatic State Preparation and Time Evolution in Quantum Simulations
• Waveform Reconstruction of Core-Collapse Supernova Gravitational Waves with Improved Multisynchrosqueezing Transform
• Optical emission-line Luminosity Function models for populations of Supernova Remnants
• Stellar energy loss rates in the pair-annihilation process beyond the standard model
• Warm alpha-nucleon matter
• Neutrino-pair bremsstrahlung from nucleon-$\alpha$ versus nucleon-nucleon scattering
• Nucleosynthesis and Gamma-Ray Line Spectroscopy with INTEGRAL
• Energy Rates Due to Weak Decay Rates of Vanadium Isotopes in Stellar Environment
• Modeling Solids in Nuclear Astrophysics with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
• Investigation of Direct Nuclear Reactions in a Storage Ring Using In-Ring Detection
• Electron-neutrino lepton number crossings: Variations with the supernova core physics
• $f$-mode oscillations in hot Neutron Stars: Effect of hyperons and neutrino trapping
• Quantifying uncertainty in machine learning on nuclear binding energy
• Do not forget the electrons: Extending moderately-sized nuclear networks for multidimensional hydrodynamic codes
• Spin-Flavor Precession Phase Effects in Supernova
• New {\em ab initio} constrained extended Skyrme equations of state for simulations of neutron stars, supernovae and binary mergers: I. Subsaturation density domain
• An Online Framework for Fitting Fast Transient Lightcurves
• Generation of cosmic magnetic fields in electroweak plasma
• Pre-Supernova (Anti)Neutrino Emission Due to Weak-Interaction Reactions with Hot Nuclei
• Supernovae as laboratories for neutrino properties
• Ab initio calculations of monopole sum rules: From finite nuclei to infinite nuclear matter
• Light Neutral Clusters in Supernova Matter
• A "nu" look at gravitational waves: The black hole birth rate from neutrinos combined with the merger rate from LIGO
• Gravitational waves from magnetorotational core-collapse supernovae using 3D GRMHD simulations: effect of rotation and magnetic fields
• Scattering effects on nuclear thermodynamic observables
• Gauge-invariant perturbations of relativistic non-perfect fluids in spherical spacetime
• Neutrino-Neutron Scattering Opacities in Supernova Matter
• Kinetic Simulations of Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities
• Self Similar Adiabatic Strong Explosion in a Medium Gravitationally Free Falling to a Point Mass
• GenASiS: General Astrophysical Simulation System. II. Nonrelativistic Hydrodynamics
• On the emergence of a new instability during core-collapse of very massive stars
• Energy rates due to Fe isotopes during presupernova evolution of massive stars
• Equation of state for hot hyperonic neutron star matter
• Three-dimensional GRMHD simulations of jet formation and propagation in self-gravitating collapsing stars
• Expanding Core-Collapse Supernova Search Horizon of Neutrino Detectors
• Explosive nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae
• Emission of neutrino-antineutrino pairs by hadronic bremsstrahlung processes
• Lepton flavor violating New Physics and supernova explosion
• Neutrino cooling rates due to nickel isotopes for presupernova evolution of massive stars
• Supernova model discrimination with a kilotonne-scale Gd-H${}_2$O Cherenkov detector
• Proto-neutron star oscillations including accretion flows
• Spin light of relativistic electrons in neutrino fluxes
• Simulated neutrino signals of low and intermediate energy neutrinos on Cd detectors
• Convection signatures in early-time gravitational waves from core-collapse supernovae
• Learning more about what can be concluded from the observation of neutrinos from a galactic supernova
• New ab initio constrained extended Skyrme equations of state for simulations of neutron stars, supernovae and binary mergers: II. Thermal response in the suprasaturation density domain
• Neutrino quantum kinetics in three flavors
• Nuclear Drip Line and the Composition of Supernova Matter
• Revisiting the Perseus Cluster III: Role of Aspherical Explosions on its Chemical Composition and Extension to Metal-Poor Stars and Galaxies
• Amplification and generation of turbulence during self-gravitating collapse
• Thermal and Magnetic effects on Bulk Viscosity in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
• Convective stability analysis of massive neutron stars formed in binary mergers
• Equilibrium constants of nuclear reactions in supernova explosions
• Dirac neutrino magnetic moment and the shock wave revival in a supernova explosion
• Massive stars as thermonuclear reactors and their explosions following core collapse
• Neutrino mean free path in neutron stars in the presence of hyperons
• Effects of spacetime geometry on neutrino oscillation inside a Core-Collapse Supernova
• Fundamental modes of rotating neutron stars with various degrees of differential rotation in dynamical spacetimes
• Signatures of electromagnetic and sound radiation produced by gravitational waves in core-collapse supernovae
• Lepton emission rates of 43-64V isotopes under stellar conditions
• PatchworkWave: A Multipatch Infrastructure for Multiphysics/Multiscale/Multiframe/Multimethod Simulations at Arbitrary Order
• Estimations of the Distances of Stellar Collapses in the Galaxy by Analyzing the Energy Spectrum of Neutrino Bursts
• Impact of microscopic structural transitions on particle stability and lifetimes of hot nuclei