Direct anthropic bound on the weak scale from supernovae explosions

Abstract

Core-collapse supernovae presumably explode because trapped neutrinos push the material out of the stellar envelope. This process is directly controlled by the weak scale $v$: we argue that supernova explosions happen only if fundamental constants are tuned within a factor of few as $v\sim {\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QCD}}^{3/4}{M}_{\mathrm{Pl}}^{1/4}$, such that neutrinos are trapped in supernovae for a time comparable to the gravitational time-scale. We provide analytic arguments and simulations in spherical approximation, that need to be validated by more comprehensive simulations. The above result can be important for fundamental physics, because core-collapse supernova explosions seem anthropically needed, as they spread intermediate-mass nuclei presumably necessary for `life'. We also study stellar burning, finding that it does not provide anthropic boundaries on $v$.

26 pages, 8 figures, to appear on PRD

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• A landscape for the cosmological constant and the Higgs mass
• Cosmological constant: relaxation vs multiverse
• Axion-Sterile-Neutrino Dark Matter
• Multiverse Predictions for Habitability: Element Abundances
• Hearing Higgs with Gravitational Wave Detectors
• Baryogenesis in a Parity Solution to the Strong CP Problem
• Thermal Production of Massless Dark Photons
• Weak Scale Triggers in the SMEFT
• The collider landscape: which collider for establishing the SM instability?