A model-independent approach to the reconstruction of multi-flavor supernova neutrino energy spectra

Abstract

The model-independent reconstruction of the energy spectra of ${\overline{\nu }}_e^{}$, ${\nu }_e^{}$ and ${\nu }_x^{}$ (i.e., ${\nu }_{\mu }^{}$, ${\nu }_{\tau }^{}$ and their antiparticles) from the future observation of a galactic core-collapse supernova (SN) is of crucial importance to understand the microscopic physics of SN explosions. To this end, we propose a practically useful method to combine the multi-channel detection of SN neutrinos in a large liquid-scintillator detector (e.g., JUNO), namely, the inverse beta decay ${\overline{\nu }}_e^{}+p\to e^{+}+n$, the elastic neutrino-proton scattering $\nu +p\to \nu +p$ and the elastic neutrino-electron scattering $\nu +e^{-}\to \nu +e^{-}$, and reconstruct the energy spectra of ${\overline{\nu }}_e^{}$, ${\nu }_e^{}$ and ${\nu }_x^{}$ by making the best use of the observational data in those three channels. In addition, the neutrino energy spectra from the numerical simulations of the delayed neutrino-driven SN explosions are implemented to demonstrate the robustness of our method. Taking the ordinary matter effects into account, we also show how to extract the initial neutrino energy spectra in the presence of neutrino flavor conversions.

28 pages, 8 figures

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• Large Energy Singles at JUNO from Atmospheric Neutrinos and Dark Matter
• Anisotropic neutrinos and gravitational waves from black hole neutrino-dominated accretion flows in fallback core-collapse supernovae
• JUNO Physics and Detector
• Rocks, Water and Noble Liquids: Unfolding the Flavor Contents of Supernova Neutrinos
• Supernova Neutrinos as a Precise Probe of Nuclear Neutron Skin
• Progress in Nuclear Astrophysics of East and Southeast Asia
• A deuterated liquid scintillator for supernova neutrino detection
• Exploring Neutrino Mass Orderings through Supernova Neutrino Detection
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