Heavy-ion Collisions: Direct and indirect probes of the density and temperature dependence of Esym

Abstract

Heavy-ion collisions provide a versatile terrestrial probe of the nuclear equation of state through the formation of nuclear matter at a wide variety of temperatures, densities, and pressures. Direct and indirect approaches for constraining the density dependence of the symmetry energy using heavy-ion collisions have been developed. The direct approach relies on scaling methods which attempt to connect isotopic fragment distributions to the symmetry energy. Using the indirect approach constraints on the equation of state are extracted from comparison of experimental results and theoretical transport calculations which utilize effective nucleon-nucleon interactions. Besides exploring the density dependence of the equation of state, heavy-ion collisions are simultaneously probing different temperature gradients of nuclear matter allowing for the temperature dependence of the symmetry energy to be examined. The current progress and open questions related to constraining the density and temperature dependence of the symmetry energy with heavy-ion collisions are discussed in the review.

Review to appear in the upcoming EPJA special volume on nuclear symmetry energy

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Cited by in corpus (8)

• Equations of state for supernovae and compact stars
• Collision dynamics at medium and relativistic energies
• The interplay of short-range correlations and nuclear symmetry energy in hard photon productions from heavy-ion reactions at Fermi energies
• Microscopic dynamical description of proton-induced fission with the Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) Model
• Symmetry energy dependence of long timescale isospin transport
• Revisiting the isospin relaxation time in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Dynamical description of heavy-ion collisions at Fermi energies
• Origins and Impacts of High-Density Symmetry Energy