Observation of an Unusual Upward-going Cosmic-ray-like Event in the Third Flight of ANITA

Abstract

We report on an upward traveling, radio-detected cosmic-ray-like impulsive event with characteristics closely matching an extensive air shower. This event, observed in the third flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA), a NASA-sponsored long-duration balloon payload, is consistent with a similar event reported in a previous flight. These events may be produced by the atmospheric decay of an upward-propagating $\tau$-lepton produced by a ${\nu }_{\tau }$ interaction, although their relatively steep arrival angles create tension with the standard model (SM) neutrino cross section. Each of the two events have $aposteriori$ background estimates of $\lesssim 10^{-2}$ events. If these are generated by $\tau$-lepton decay, then either the charged-current ${\nu }_{\tau }$ cross section is suppressed at EeV energies, or the events arise at moments when the peak flux of a transient neutrino source was much larger than the typical expected cosmogenic background neutrinos.

arXiv comment5 pages, 4 figures. Supplemental material available from corresponding author by request

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