Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter in Left-Right Theories

Abstract

$SU(2{)}_L\times SU(2{)}_R$ gauge symmetry requires three right-handed neutrinos ($N_i$), one of which, $N_1$, can be sufficiently stable to be dark matter. In the early universe, $W_R$ exchange with the Standard Model thermal bath keeps the right-handed neutrinos in thermal equilibrium at high temperatures. $N_1$ can make up all of dark matter if they freeze-out while relativistic and are mildly diluted by subsequent decays of a long-lived and heavier right-handed neutrino, $N_2$. We systematically study this parameter space, constraining the symmetry breaking scale of $SU(2{)}_R$ and the mass of $N_1$ to a triangle in the $(v_R,M_1)$ plane, with $v_R=(10^6-3\times 10^{12})$ GeV and $M_1=(2\mathrm{keV}-1\mathrm{MeV})$. Much of this triangle can be probed by signals of warm dark matter, especially if leptogenesis from $N_2$ decay yields the observed baryon asymmetry. The minimal value of $v_R$ is increased to $10^8\mathrm{GeV}$ for doublet breaking of $SU(2{)}_R$, and further to $10^9\mathrm{GeV}$ if leptogenesis occurs via $N_2$ decay, while the upper bound on $M_1$ is reduced to 100 keV. In addition, there is a component of hot $N_1$ dark matter resulting from the late decay of $N_2\to N_1{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ that can be probed by future cosmic microwave background observations. Interestingly, the range of $v_R$ allows both precision gauge coupling unification and the Higgs Parity understanding of the vanishing of the Standard Model Higgs quartic at scale $v_R$. Finally, we study freeze-in production of $N_1$ dark matter via the $W_R$ interaction, which allows a much wider range of $(v_R,M_1)$.

arXiv comment31 pages, 5 figures. Matches published version. Added references and clarifications

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