Background model systematics for the Fermi GeV excess

Abstract

The possible gamma-ray excess in the inner Galaxy and the Galactic center (GC) suggested by Fermi-LAT observations has triggered a large number of studies. It has been interpreted as a variety of different phenomena such as a signal from WIMP dark matter annihilation, gamma-ray emission from a population of millisecond pulsars, or emission from cosmic rays injected in a sequence of burst-like events or continuously at the GC. We present the first comprehensive study of model systematics coming from the Galactic diffuse emission in the inner part of our Galaxy and their impact on the inferred properties of the excess emission at Galactic latitudes $2^{\circ }<|b|<20^{\circ }$ and 300 MeV to 500 GeV. We study both theoretical and empirical model systematics, which we deduce from a large range of Galactic diffuse emission models and a principal component analysis of residuals in numerous test regions along the Galactic plane. We show that the hypothesis of an extended spherical excess emission with a uniform energy spectrum is compatible with the Fermi-LAT data in our region of interest at $95\%$ CL. Assuming that this excess is the extended counterpart of the one seen in the inner few degrees of the Galaxy, we derive a lower limit of $10.0^{\circ }$ ($95\%$ CL) on its extension away from the GC. We show that, in light of the large correlated uncertainties that affect the subtraction of the Galactic diffuse emission in the relevant regions, the energy spectrum of the excess is equally compatible with both a simple broken power-law of break energy $2.1\pm 0.2$ GeV, and with spectra predicted by the self-annihilation of dark matter, implying in the case of $\bar{b}b$ final states a dark matter mass of $49_{-5.4}^{+6.4}$ GeV.

65 pages, 28 figures, 7 tables

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• Limits on dark matter annihilation in prompt cusps from the isotropic gamma-ray background
• Interpretation of the gamma-ray excess and AMS-02 antiprotons: Velocity dependent dark matter annihilations
• A Closer Look at CP-Violating Higgs Portal Dark Matter as a Candidate for the GCE
• Harnessing the Population Statistics of Subhalos to Search for Annihilating Dark Matter
• On the gamma-ray emission from the core of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy
• How to calculate dark matter direct detection exclusion limits that are consistent with gamma rays from annihilation in the Milky Way halo
• The case for 100 GeV bino dark matter: A dedicated LHC tri-lepton search
• Searching for Gamma-Ray Emission from Reticulum II by Fermi-LAT
• Revisiting GeV-scale annihilating dark matter with the AMS-02 positron fraction
• The Galactic Center Excess from Z3 Scalar Semi-Annihilations
• Interpreting the Fermi-LAT gamma ray excess in the simplified framework
• An excess of excesses examined via dark matter radio emissions from galaxies
• Mixed WIMP-axion dark matter
• A New Determination of the Millisecond Pulsar Gamma-Ray Luminosity Function and Implications for the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• Multi-Component Imaging of the Fermi Gamma-ray Sky in the Spatio-spectral Domain
• Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Dark Matter Elastic Scattering Through Higgs Loops But Were Afraid to Ask
• Possible explanation of indirect gamma ray signatures from hidden sector fermionic dark matter
• On Dark Matter Explanations of the Gamma-Ray Excesses from the Galactic Center and M31
• Study of WIMP annihilations into a pair of on-shell scalar mediators
• Constraining dark matter annihilation with HSC Low Surface Brightness Galaxies
• Towards resolving the Galactic center GeV excess with millisecond-pulsar-like sources using machine learning
• Enhanced lines and box-shaped features in the gamma-ray spectrum from annihilating dark matter in the NMSSM
• Analysis of Fermi-LAT data from Tucana-II: Possible constraints on the Dark Matter models with an intriguing hint of a signal
• Hidden Higgs Portal Vector Dark Matter for the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess from the Two-Step Cascade Annihilation, and Muon g-2
• Dark Matter in Leptophilic Higgs Models After the LHC Run-I
• Late-forming black holes and the antiproton, gamma-ray, and anti-helium excesses
• Exotic Lepton-Flavor Violating Higgs Decays
• Indirect Detection Imprint of a CP Violating Dark Sector
• Millisecond Pulsars in Dense Star Clusters: Evolution, Scaling Relations, and the Galactic-Center Gamma-ray Excess
• "Non-Local" Effects from Boosted Dark Matter in Indirect Detection
• Using $\gamma$-ray observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies to test the possible common origin of the W-boson mass anomaly and the GeV $\gamma$-ray/antiproton excesses
• Search for Scalar Dark Matter via Pseudoscalar Portal Interactions: In Light of the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• Phenomenology of Colored Radiative Neutrino Mass Model and Its Implications on the Cosmic-ray Observations
• Interpretations of galactic center gamma-ray excess confronting the PandaX-II constraints on dark matter-neutron spin-dependent scatterings in the NMSSM
• Collider probes of singlet fermionic dark matter scenarios for the Fermi gamma-ray excess
• Low-mass neutralino dark matter in supergravity scenarios: phenomenology and naturalness
• Prospects of future MeV telescopes in probing weak-scale Dark Matter
• When Dark Matter interacts with Cosmic Rays or Interstellar Matter: A Morphological Study
• Absence of TeV halos around millisecond pulsars
• Interpretations of the possible 42.7 GeV $\gamma$-ray line
• Global fits of scalar singlet dark matter with GAMBIT
• Investigating the Fermi Large Area Telescope sensitivity of detecting the characteristics of the Galactic center excess
• Galactic Centre as an efficient source of cosmic rays
• SKA sensitivity for possible radio emission from dark matter in Omega Centauri
• AMS-02 antiprotons and dark matter: Trimmed hints and robust bounds
• Galactic diffuse emission from radio to ultra-high-energy gamma rays in light of up-to-date cosmic ray measurements
• Search for pseudoscalar-mediated WIMPs in $t\to c$ transitions with missing energy
• The Cherenkov Telescope Array Will Test Whether Pulsars Generate the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• Applying Simulation-Based Inference to Spectral and Spatial Information from the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• Reconciling Higgs physics and pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter in the S2HDM using a genetic algorithm
• Soft Gamma Rays from Heavy WIMPs
• The Velocity-Dependent $J$-factor of the Milky Way Halo: Does What Happens in the Galactic Bulge Stay in the Galactic Bulge?
• Connecting the LHC diphoton excess to the Galatic center gamma-ray excess
• A Potentially Detectable Gamma-Ray Line in the Fermi Galactic Center Excess -- In Light of One-Step Cascade Annihilations of Secluded (Vector) Dark Matter via the Higgs Portal
• Dark matter heating of gas accreting onto Sgr A${}^{\ast }$
• Constraining Dwarf Spheroidal Dark Matter Halos With The Galactic Center Excess
• Einstein@Home Searches for Gamma-ray Pulsars in the Inner Galaxy
• Reanalysis of the Systematic Uncertainties in Cosmic-Ray Antiproton Flux
• Signatures of Dark Matter in Cosmic-Ray Observations
• Deep Learning Models of the Discrete Component of the Galactic Interstellar Gamma-Ray Emission
• Characterizing the Expected Behavior of Non-Poissonian Template Fitting
• The Galactic Isotropic $\gamma$-ray Background and Implications for Dark Matter
• Dark Matter and Electroweak Baryogenesis with Spontaneous $CP$ Violation in the Early Universe
• Improved Modeling of the Discrete Component of the Galactic Interstellar Gamma-ray Emission and Implications for the Fermi-LAT Galactic Center Excess
• Dark matter, extra-terrestrial gamma-rays and the MSSM: a viability study
• Non-Standard Neutrino Spectra From Annihilating Neutralino Dark Matter
• An overview of DarkBit, the GAMBIT dark matter module
• Possible counterpart signal of the Fermi bubbles at the cosmic-ray positrons
• Observations of the Fermi bubbles and the Galactic center excess with the DArk Matter Particle Explorer
• A GeV-TeV particle component and the barrier of cosmic-ray sea in the Central Molecular Zone
• Informational corrections to the early-Universe radiation sector: CET Omega, WIMP freeze-out, and implications for a possible 20 GeV gamma-ray excess
• On the Energy Distribution of the Galactic Center Excess' Sources
• Limits on Dark Matter Annihilation from the Shape of Radio Emission in M31
• On the morphology of $\gamma -$ray emission induced by $e^{\pm }$ from annihilating self-interacting dark matter
• GeV excess and phenomenological astrophysics modeling
• Dark matter properties implied by gamma ray interstellar emission models
• On a possible origin of the gamma-ray excess around the Galactic Center
• Millisecond Pulsars in Globular Clusters and Implications for the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• Extended Higgs-portal dark matter and the Fermi-LAT Galactic Center Excess
• Exotic Decays of Heavy B quarks
• Astrophysical Signatures of Fermionic Dark Matter
• Diffusion of Cosmic Antiprotons Generated throughout the Dark Matter Halo -- A Semi-Analytical Solution for a Linear Galactic Wind Model
• High Energy Emission from the Galactic Center
• Probing the millisecond pulsar origin of the $\gamma$-ray excess in the Galactic centre with LISA
• New energy spectra in neutrino and photon detectors to reveal hidden dark matter signals
• Exploring the nature of Galactic unassociated sources detected by the Fermi-LAT