Origin of the Fermi Bubble

Abstract

Fermi has discovered two giant gamma-ray-emitting bubbles that extend nearly 10kpc in diameter north and south of the galactic center (GC). The existence of the bubbles was first evidenced in X-rays detected by ROSAT and later WMAP detected an excess of radio signals at the location of the gamma-ray bubbles. We propose that periodic star capture processes by the galactic supermassive black hole, Sgr A${}^{\ast }$, with a capture rate $3\times 10^{-5}$yr${}^{-1}$ and energy release $\sim 3\times 10^{52}$erg per capture can produce very hot plasma $\sim 10$keV with a wind velocity $\sim 10^8$cm/s injected into the halo and heat up the halo gas to $\sim 1$keV, which produces thermal X-rays. The periodic injection of hot plasma can produce shocks in the halo and accelerate electrons to $\sim$TeV, which produce radio emission via synchrotron radiation, and gamma-rays via inverse Compton scattering with the relic and the galactic soft photons.

16 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters

References in corpus (7)

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• The Fermi Bubbles: Giant, Multi-Billion-Year-Old Reservoirs of Galactic Center Cosmic Rays
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Cited by in corpus (82)

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• The Galactic Center GeV Excess from a Series of Leptonic Cosmic-Ray Outbursts
• Probing the Fermi Bubbles in Ultraviolet Absorption: A Spectroscopic Signature of the Milky Way's Biconical Nuclear Outflow
• Space- and Ground-Based Gamma-Ray Astrophysics
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• Fermi Bubbles Inflated by Winds Launched from the Hot Accretion Flow in Sgr A*
• Fermi Bubbles in the Milky Way: the closest AGN feedback laboratory courtesy of Sgr A*?
• Non-Thermal Insights on Mass and Energy Flows Through the Galactic Centre and into the Fermi Bubbles
• Nuclear Outflow of the Milky Way: Studying the Kinematics and Spatial Extent of the Northern Fermi Bubble
• The Fermi Bubbles. II. The Potential Roles of Viscosity and Cosmic Ray Diffusion in Jet Models
• Blowing in the Milky Way wind: neutral hydrogen clouds tracing the Galactic nuclear outflow
• The Interaction of the Fermi Bubbles with the Milky Way's Hot Gas Halo
• The Fermi Bubbles as Starburst Wind Termination Shocks
• The Denoised, Deconvolved, and Decomposed Fermi $\gamma$-ray sky - An application of the D${}^3$PO algorithm
• The Return of the Templates: Revisiting the Galactic Center Excess with Multi-Messenger Observations
• The Fermi Bubbles: Gamma-ray, Microwave, and Polarization Signatures of Leptonic AGN Jets
• Fermi and eRosita bubbles as relics of the past activity of the Galactic black hole
• Physical laboratory at the center of the Galaxy
• The Spatially Uniform Spectrum of the Fermi Bubbles: the Leptonic AGN Jet Scenario
• Unveiling the Origin of the Fermi Bubbles
• Simulating the Fermi Bubbles as Forward Shocks Driven by AGN Jets
• The Fermi Bubbles as a Scaled-up Version of Supernova Remnants
• Unbound Debris Streams and Remnants Resulting From the Tidal Disruptions of Stars by Supermassive Black Holes
• Search for Very High Energy Gamma Rays from the Northern $\text{Fermi}$ Bubble Region with HAWC
• The Accretion Wind Model of the Fermi Bubbles (II): Radiation
• The Fermi Bubble as a Source of Cosmic Rays in the Energy Range > 10E15 eV
• Cosmic ray driven winds in the Galactic environment and the cosmic ray spectrum
• The Fermi Bubbles Revisited
• Gamma rays from the Galactic Centre region: a review
• A Hadronic-Leptonic Model for the Fermi Bubbles: Cosmic-Rays in the Galactic Halo and Radio Emission
• Is there an intermediate massive black hole in the Galactic center: Imprints on the stellar tidal-disruption rate
• Magnetic substructure in the northern Fermi Bubble revealed by polarized WMAP emission
• Giant cosmic ray halos around M31 and the Milky Way
• Gamma-Ray Emission from Molecular Clouds Generated by Penetrating Cosmic Rays
• Multi-wavelength Emission from the Fermi Bubble III. Stochastic (Fermi) Re-Acceleration of Relativistic Electrons Emitted by SNRs
• Steady-State Hadronic Gamma-Ray Emission from 100-Myr-Old Fermi Bubbles
• Fermi bubble $\gamma$-rays as a result of diffusive injection of Galactic cosmic rays
• Analyzing the Gamma-ray Sky with Wavelets
• Post-Newtonian Jeans analysis
• Multi-wavelength Emission from the Fermi Bubble I. Stochastic acceleration from Background Plasma
• A multi-messenger study of the Fermi Bubbles: very high energy gamma rays and neutrinos
• Fermi bubble edges: spectrum and diffusion function
• A Supernova-driven, Magnetically-collimated Outflow as the Origin of the Galactic Center Radio Bubbles
• Exploring the dark accelerator HESS J1745-303 with Fermi Large Area Telescope
• The Gamma-ray Afterglows of Tidal Disruption Events
• The Fermi bubbles from stochastic acceleration of electrons in a Galactic outflow
• On the Origin of the 6.4 keV Line in the Galactic Center Region
• Cosmic ray driven galactic winds
• On the origin of the central 1" hole in the stellar disk of Sgr A* and the Fermi gamma-ray bubbles
• Analytical and numerical studies of central galactic outflows powered by tidal disruption events -- a model for the Fermi bubbles?
• Fermi bubbles: high latitude X-ray supersonic shell
• Fermi bubbles: the collimated outburst needed to explain forward-shock edges
• Selected Topics in Cosmic Ray Physics
• Fermi Bubbles and Bubble-like emission from the Galactic Plane
• On the Galactic Center Being the Main Source of Galactic Cosmic Rays as Evidenced by Recent Cosmic Ray and Gamma Ray Observations
• Emission from hadronic and leptonic processes in galactic jet-driven bubbles
• Metal Enrichment in the Fermi Bubbles as a Probe of Their Origin
• Can a Satellite Galaxy Merger Explain the Active Past of the Galactic Center?
• Searching for High Energy Neutrino counterpart signals; The case of the Fermi Bubbles signal and of Dark Matter annihilation in the inner Galaxy
• Stochastic particle acceleration and the problem of backgroud plasma overheating
• Our Supermassive Black Hole Rivaled the Sun in the Ancient X-ray Sky
• On energetics and progenitors of Odd Radio Circles: A causal connection with tidal disruption of stars?
• Galactic breeze origin for the Fermi bubbles emission
• A possible origin of gamma rays from the Fermi Bubbles
• Fermi bubbles as a source of cosmic rays above 10^{15} eV
• The Galactic Centre - A Laboratory for Starburst Galaxies (?)
• Possible counterpart signal of the Fermi bubbles at the cosmic-ray positrons
• The Fermi bubbles as a Superbubble
• Observations of the Fermi bubbles and the Galactic center excess with the DArk Matter Particle Explorer
• Sources and Radiations of the Fermi Bubbles
• Multi-wavelength emission from leptonic processes in ageing galaxy bubbles
• Tidal disruption events as the origin of the eROSITA and Fermi bubbles
• Supermassive black holes and their surroundings: MeV signatures
• Origin of Nonthermal Emission from the Fermi Bubbles and Mechanisms of Particle Acceleration There
• Diffuse Hot Plasma in the Interstellar Medium and Galactic Outflows
• Fermi Bubbles: an Elephant in the Gamma-ray Sky
• Diffuse continuum emission and large extended sources at MeV energies
• On the high-energy protons regular acceleration in the Fermi Bubbles
• 2nd-order Fermi acceleration as the origin of the Fermi bubbles