Giant Gamma-ray Bubbles from Fermi-LAT: AGN Activity or Bipolar Galactic Wind?

Abstract

Data from the Fermi-LAT reveal two large gamma-ray bubbles, extending 50 degrees above and below the Galactic center, with a width of about 40 degrees in longitude. The gamma-ray emission associated with these bubbles has a significantly harder spectrum (dN/dE ~ E^-2) than the IC emission from electrons in the Galactic disk, or the gamma-rays produced by decay of pions from proton-ISM collisions. There is no significant spatial variation in the spectrum or gamma-ray intensity within the bubbles, or between the north and south bubbles. The bubbles are spatially correlated with the hard-spectrum microwave excess known as the WMAP haze; the edges of the bubbles also line up with features in the ROSAT X-ray maps at 1.5-2 keV. We argue that these Galactic gamma-ray bubbles were most likely created by some large episode of energy injection in the Galactic center, such as past accretion events onto the central massive black hole, or a nuclear starburst in the last ~10 Myr. Dark matter annihilation/decay seems unlikely to generate all the features of the bubbles and the associated signals in WMAP and ROSAT; the bubbles must be understood in order to use measurements of the diffuse gamma-ray emission in the inner Galaxy as a probe of dark matter physics. Study of the origin and evolution of the bubbles also has the potential to improve our understanding of recent energetic events in the inner Galaxy and the high-latitude cosmic ray population.

46 pages, 28 figures, accepted by ApJ

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• Planck intermediate results. XXVIII. Interstellar gas and dust in the Chamaeleon clouds as seen by Fermi LAT and Planck
• Les Houches Lectures on Indirect Detection of Dark Matter
• Gamma rays from Fast Black-Hole Winds
• Frequency and nature of central molecular outflows in nearby star-forming disk galaxies
• Reconnection-driven flares in 3D black hole magnetospheres -- A scenario for hot spots around Sagittarius A*
• The Fermi Bubble as a Source of Cosmic Rays in the Energy Range > 10E15 eV
• 10 GeV neutralino dark matter and light stau in the MSSM
• CLUES on Fermi-LAT prospects for the extragalactic detection of munuSSM gravitino Dark Matter
• Observation of Acceleration of HI Clouds Within the Fermi Bubbles
• Widespread Detection of Two Components in the Hot Circumgalactic Medium of the Milky Way
• An X-ray survey of the central molecular zone: variability of the Fe Ka emission line
• Fermi Bubbles under Dark Matter Scrutiny Part II: Particle Physics Analysis
• Distance to the northern high-latitude HI shells
• A Critical Reevaluation of Radio Constraints on Annihilating Dark Matter
• Gas Accretion onto the Milky Way
• Complementarity of Galactic radio and collider data in constraining WIMP dark matter models
• A Search for Neutrino Emission from the Fermi Bubbles with the ANTARES Telescope
• Constraints on dark matter annihilations from diffuse gamma-ray emission in the Galaxy
• Cosmic-ray driven outflow from the galactic center and the origin of magnetized radio filaments
• Putting Things Back Where They Belong: Tracing Cosmic-Ray Injection with H2
• The Fermi Bubbles Revisited
• Metals in the circumgalactic medium are out of ionization equilibrium due to fluctuating active galactic nuclei
• Strong Optimized Conservative Fermi-LAT Constraints on Dark Matter Models from the Inclusive Photon Spectrum
• Mapping Outflowing Gas in the Fermi Bubbles: a UV Absorption Survey of the Galactic Nuclear Wind
• Tracing the Milky Way Nuclear Wind with 21cm Atomic Hydrogen Emission
• Sagittarius A* as an Origin of the Galactic PeV Cosmic Rays?
• On the progressive hardening of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum in the inner Galaxy
• Feedback by AGN Jets and Wide-Angle Winds on a Galactic Scale
• NPTFit: A code package for Non-Poissonian Template Fitting
• Gamma rays from the Galactic Centre region: a review
• Investigating the Uniformity of the Excess Gamma rays towards the Galactic Center Region
• W-WIMP Annihilation as a Source of the Fermi Bubbles
• High Energy Neutrinos from the Fermi Bubbles
• Two-phase model for Black Hole feeding and feedback
• Evaporation of planetary atmospheres due to XUV illumination by quasars
• Upper Limit on the Cosmological Gamma-ray Background
• CHANG-ES XXVI: Insights into cosmic-ray transport from radio halos in edge-on galaxies
• Hard and bright gamma-ray emission at the base of the Fermi bubbles
• Clues to the origin of Fermi Bubbles from OVIII/OVII line ratio
• Expected intermediate mass black holes in the Virgo cluster. II. Late-type galaxies
• Dim but not entirely dark: Extracting the Galactic Center Excess' source-count distribution with neural nets
• Very-high energy observations of the Galactic center region by VERITAS in 2010-2012
• Thermal and chemical properties of the eROSITA bubbles from Suzaku observations
• Probing the Southern Fermi Bubble in Ultraviolet Absorption using Distant AGNs
• The Effect of Diffusion on the Particle Spectra in Pulsar Wind Nebulae
• On the distance to the North Polar Spur and the local CO-H2 factor
• A Hadronic-Leptonic Model for the Fermi Bubbles: Cosmic-Rays in the Galactic Halo and Radio Emission
• Detection Potential of the KM3NeT Detector for High-Energy Neutrinos from the Fermi Bubbles
• High Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy of the Local Hot Gas along the 3C 273 Sightline
• The jet/wind outflow in Centaurus A: a local laboratory for AGN feedback
• A KMOS survey of the nuclear disk of the Milky Way I: Survey design and metallicities
• The Milky Way's Hot Gas Kinematics: Signatures in Current and Future OVII Absorption Line Observations
• Cross-Correlation of the Extragalactic Gamma-ray Background with Luminous Red Galaxies
• Dominance of outflowing electric currents on decaparsec to kiloparsec scales in extragalactic jets
• Possible connection between the asymmetry of North Polar Spur and Loop I with Fermi Bubbles
• Cosmological constraints on dark matter annihilation and decay: Cross-correlation analysis of the extragalactic $\gamma$-ray background and cosmic shear
• The Transport of Cosmic Rays Across Magnetic Fieldlines
• Giant cosmic ray halos around M31 and the Milky Way
• Magnetic substructure in the northern Fermi Bubble revealed by polarized WMAP emission
• Stellar Signatures of AGN Jet Triggered Star Formation
• Galactic Gas Flows from Halo to Disk: Tomography and Kinematics at the Milky Way's Disk-Halo Interface
• The centres of M83 and the Milky Way: opposite extremes of a common star formation cycle
• Massive outflow properties suggest AGN fade slowly
• Revealing the Ionization Properties of the Magellanic Stream using Optical Emission
• Mapping Seyfert and LINER Excitation Modes in the Inner kpc of NGC 3393
• Neutrinos and γ-rays from the Galactic Center Region After H.E.S.S. Multi-TeV Measurements
• Gamma-Ray Emission from Molecular Clouds Generated by Penetrating Cosmic Rays
• Quasar-driven outflows account for the missing extragalactic gamma-ray background
• Steady-State Hadronic Gamma-Ray Emission from 100-Myr-Old Fermi Bubbles
• Multi-wavelength Emission from the Fermi Bubble III. Stochastic (Fermi) Re-Acceleration of Relativistic Electrons Emitted by SNRs
• Models of rotating coronae
• Detection of non-thermal hard X-ray emission from the "Fermi bubble" in an external galaxy
• Gamma-Ray Astrophysics
• Six Faint Gamma-ray Pulsars Seen with the Fermi Large Area Telescope -- Towards a Sample Blending into the Background
• Tomographic imaging of the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray sky through cross-correlations: A wider and deeper look
• Galactic-Center Hyper-Shell Model for the North Polar Spurs
• Particle Diffusion and Acceleration in Magnetorotational Instability Turbulence
• Constraining the population of isolated massive stars within the Central Molecular Zone
• Kinematics of the Magellanic Stream and Implications for its Ionization
• Suzaku X-ray Observations of the Fermi Bubbles: Northernmost Cap and Southeast Claw Discovered with MAXI-SSC
• Depletion of bright red giants in the Galactic center during its active phases
• MACHETE: A transit Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope to survey half of the Very High Energy $\gamma$-ray sky
• Formation of large-scale magnetic structures associated with the Fermi bubbles
• Constraining Galactic dark matter with gamma-ray pixel counts statistics
• Fermi bubble $\gamma$-rays as a result of diffusive injection of Galactic cosmic rays
• Identifying the Radio Bubble Nature of the Microwave Haze
• Jet interactions with a giant molecular cloud in the Galactic centre and ejection of hypervelocity stars
• Galactic Sources of High-Energy Neutrinos: Highlights
• An Active Galactic Nucleus Caught in the Act of Turning Off and On
• Analyzing the Gamma-ray Sky with Wavelets
• Gamma-ray emission from the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal galaxy due to millisecond pulsars
• Synthetic ${}^{26}$Al emission from galactic-scale superbubble simulations
• Multi-wavelength Emission from the Fermi Bubble II. Secondary Electrons and the Hadronic Model of the Bubble
• The influence of the secular perturbation of an intermediate-mass companion: I. Eccentricity excitation of disk stars at the Galactic center
• Post-Newtonian Jeans analysis
• Multi-wavelength Emission from the Fermi Bubble I. Stochastic acceleration from Background Plasma
• The hot circumgalactic medium of the Milky-Way: new insights from XMM-Newton observations
• A consistency-test for determining whether ultra-compact dwarf galaxies could be the remnant nuclei of threshed galaxies
• On the origin of galactic cosmic rays
• Diffuse Galactic Gamma Rays at intermediate and high latitudes. I. Constraints on the ISM properties
• A novel analytical model of the magnetic field configuration in the Galactic Center
• A multi-messenger study of the Fermi Bubbles: very high energy gamma rays and neutrinos
• The diversity of the circumgalactic medium around z = 0 Milky Way-mass galaxies from the Auriga simulations
• Deciphering Residual Emissions: Time-Dependent Models for the Non-Thermal Interstellar Radiation from the Milky Way
• A black box for dark sector physics: Predicting dark matter annihilation feedback with conditional GANs
• Light weakly interacting massive particles
• Galactic-Centre Gamma Rays in CMSSM Dark Matter Scenarios
• Molecular Gas within the Milky Way's Nuclear Wind
• Formation and spatial distribution of hypervelocity stars in AGN outflows
• Universal transition diagram from dormant to actively accreting supermassive black holes
• Re-Examining Astrophysical Constraints on the Dark Matter Model
• Fermi bubble edges: spectrum and diffusion function
• A Unified Model for the Fan Region and the North Polar Spur: A bundle of filaments in the Local Galaxy
• X-ray Observation of a Magnetized Hot Gas Outflow in the Galactic Center Region
• GAMMA-LIGHT: High-Energy Astrophysics above 10 MeV
• Scientific Objectives of the Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) Mission
• The 200-pc Molecular Cylinder in the Galactic Centre
• Study of the excess Fe XXV line emission in the central degrees of the Galactic centre using XMM-Newton data
• Sub-arcsecond imaging of Arp\,299-A at 150 MHz with LOFAR: Evidence for a starburst-driven outflow
• Toward the ultimate reach of current imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes and their sensitivity to TeV dark matter
• TASI 2014 Lectures: The Hunt for Dark Matter
• Tracing the Milky Way's Vestigial Nuclear Jet
• Search for dark matter signals with Fermi-LAT observation of globular clusters NGC 6388 and M 15
• Galactic winds and bubbles from nuclear starburst rings
• IceCube and HAWC constraints on very-high-energy emission from the Fermi bubbles
• [CII] 158$\mu$m and [NII] 205$\mu$m emission from IC 342 - Disentangling the emission from ionized and photo-dissociated regions
• A Latitude-Dependent Analysis of the Leptonic Hypothesis for the Fermi Bubbles
• A Supernova-driven, Magnetically-collimated Outflow as the Origin of the Galactic Center Radio Bubbles
• Cherenkov Telescope Array sensitivity to the putative millisecond pulsar population responsible for the Galactic center excess
• Sommerfeld-Enhanced Annihilation in Dark Matter Substructure: Consequences for Constraints on Cosmic-Ray Excesses
• Extreme & High Synchrotron Peak Blazars beyond 4FGL: The 2BIGB $\gamma$-ray catalogue
• The morphology and kinematics of neutral hydrogen in the vicinity of z=0 galaxies with Milky Way masses -- a study with the Illustris simulation
• Updated Collider and Direct Detection Constraints on Dark Matter Models for the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• Dark Matter from Conformal Sectors
• Cosmic Rays in a Galactic Breeze
• Cosmic microwave background constraints on light dark matter candidates
• Rotating Ionized Gas Ring around the Galactic Center IRS13E3
• Effects of anisotropic thermal conduction on wind properties in hot accretion flow
• Cosmic Jets
• Constraints on very high energy gamma-ray emission from the Fermi Bubbles with future ground-based experiments
• Direct observations of the atomic-molecular phase transition in the Milky Way's nuclear wind
• A magnetised Galactic halo from inner Galaxy outflows
• Years Delayed Gamma-ray and Radio Afterglows Originated from TDE Wind-Torus Interactions
• An Elusive Vector Dark Matter
• Interaction of the Galactic-Centre Super Bubbles with the Gaseous Disc
• Chandra large-scale mapping of the Galactic center: Probing high-energy structures around the central molecular zone
• Simulation study of performance of the Very Large Area gamma-ray Space Telescope
• Wavelet-Based Techniques for the Gamma-Ray Sky
• Stress-Testing Cosmic Ray Physics: The Impact of Cosmic Rays on the Surviving Disk of Ram Pressure Stripped Galaxies
• Asymmetric eROSITA bubbles as the evidence of a circumgalactic medium wind
• Implications on Spatial Models of Interstellar Gamma-Ray Inverse-Compton Emission from Synchrotron Emission Studies in Radio and Microwaves
• Origin of Galactic Spurs: New Insight from Radio/X-ray All-sky Maps
• Status of the KM3NeT project
• Axionic Dark Radiation and the Milky Way's Magnetic Field
• The Fermi bubbles from stochastic acceleration of electrons in a Galactic outflow
• Misaligned jets from Sgr A${}^{\ast }$ and the origin of Fermi/eROSITA bubbles
• Discovery of High-Velocity H$\alpha$ Emission in the Direction of the Fermi Bubble
• Galactic Habitability Re-Examined: Indications of Bimodality
• The Gamma-ray Afterglows of Tidal Disruption Events
• Search for high energy γ-ray emission from galaxies of the Local Group with Fermi/LAT
• On the Contribution of "Fresh" Cosmic Rays to the Excesses of Secondary Particles
• Fermi LAT observations of Sagittarius A*: Imaging Analysis
• The Central 300 pc of the Galaxy probed by infrared spectra of H3+ and CO: II. Expansion and morphology of the warm diffuse gas
• A CO Funnel in the Galactic Centre: Molecular Counterpart of the Northern Galactic Chimney?
• On the origin of the central 1" hole in the stellar disk of Sgr A* and the Fermi gamma-ray bubbles
• Analytical and numerical studies of central galactic outflows powered by tidal disruption events -- a model for the Fermi bubbles?
• Galactic Centre star formation: the case of the missing gas disc
• Analysis of WMAP 7-year Temperature Data: Astrophysics of the Galactic Haze
• Interstellar magnetic cannon targeting the Galactic halo : A young bubble at the origin of the Ophiuchus and Lupus molecular complexes
• Giant HI Hole inside the 3-kpc Ring and the North Polar Spur - The Galactic Crater -
• Manifestations of the Galactic Center Magnetic Field
• The Fossil Nuclear Outflow in the Central 30 pc of the Galactic Center
• New class of Very High Energy gamma-ray emitter: radio-dark mini-shells surrounding AGN jets
• Can Planck constrain indirect detection of dark matter in our galaxy?
• Morphological Analysis of the Polarized Synchrotron Emission with WMAP and Planck
• A MST catalogue of gamma-ray source candidates above 10 GeV and at Galactic latitudes higher than 20 degrees
• Stochastic Acceleration of Cosmic Rays in the Central Molecular Zone of the Galaxy
• Diffuse x-ray emission from the northern arc of loop I observed with suzaku
• The population of Galactic centre filaments III: candidate radio and stellar sources
• Fermi bubbles: high latitude X-ray supersonic shell
• A new perspective on turbulent Galactic magnetic fields through comparison of linear polarisation decomposition techniques
• Virial Clumps in Central Molecular Zone Clouds
• The Galactic Center: A PeV Cosmic Ray Acceleration Factory
• Studying the Interstellar Medium and the inner region of NPS/Loop 1 with shadow observations toward MBM36
• Dusty plasma in active galactic nuclei
• Do nuclear rings in barred galaxies form at the shear minimum of the rotation curve?
• Dark matter implications of the WMAP-Planck Haze
• Spatially Resolved Gas Flows Around the Milky Way
• Unveiling the Fermi Bubbles origin with MeV photon telescopes
• Reconciling the diffuse Galactic gamma-ray and the cosmic ray spectra
• Diagnostics of Gaseous Halo of the Milky Way by a Shock Wave from the Galactic Centre
• Positron Annihilation in the Nuclear Outflows of the Milky Way
• What the Milky Way's Dwarfs tell us about the Galactic Center extended excess
• A Clustering Analysis of the Morphology of the 130 GeV Gamma-Ray Feature
• Millimeter-wave Spectral Line Surveys toward the Galactic Circumnuclear Disk and Sgr A*
• Sgr A${}^{\ast }$ envelope explosion and the young stars in the centre of the Milky Way
• Jupiter as a Giant Cosmic Ray Detector
• Discovery of an extended source of gamma-ray emission in the Southern Hemisphere
• A Search for Neutrino Point-Source Populations in 7 Years of IceCube Data with Neutrino-count Statistics
• Gamma Ray polarimetry; a new window for the non-thermal Universe
• Dark Matter In Disk Galaxies II: Density Profiles as Constraints on Feedback Scenarios
• Fermi bubbles: the collimated outburst needed to explain forward-shock edges
• Stability of Gas Clouds in Galactic Nuclei: An Extended Virial Theorem
• The Dark Knight Falters
• The spectral index of polarized diffuse Galactic emission between 30 and 44 GHz
• The Solar-Cycle Temporal Variation of the Solar Wind Charge Exchange X-ray Lines
• Detection of a Super-Virial Hot Component in the Milky Way Circumgalactic Medium Along Multiple Sight-Lines by Using the Stacking Technique
• Caught in the Act: A Metal-Rich High-Velocity Cloud in the Inner Galaxy
• Diverse metallicities of Fermi bubble clouds indicate dual origins in the disk and halo
• Low frequency measurements of synchrotron absorbing HII regions and modeling of observed synchrotron emissivity
• Galactic halo bubble magnetic fields and UHECR deflections
• The Milky Way's Central Molecular Zone
• On the Mass Loading of AGN-Driven Outflows in Elliptical Galaxies and Clusters
• Fermi Bubbles and Bubble-like emission from the Galactic Plane
• Life after AGN switchoff: evolution and properties of fossil galactic outflows
• On the Galactic Center Being the Main Source of Galactic Cosmic Rays as Evidenced by Recent Cosmic Ray and Gamma Ray Observations
• Vector Higgs-portal dark matter and Fermi-LAT gamma ray line
• Pinpointing the knee of cosmic rays with diffuse PeV gamma-rays and neutrinos
• Discovery prospects of dwarf spheroidal galaxies for indirect dark matter searches
• Searching for GeV gamma-ray emission from the bulge of M31
• Neutrinos and cosmic rays
• Forming Young and Hypervelocity Stars in the Galactic Centre via Tidal Disruption of a Molecular Cloud
• Harnessing the Population Statistics of Subhalos to Search for Annihilating Dark Matter
• Revealing Gas Inflows towards the Galactic Central Molecular Zone
• The Influence of Disk Composition on the Evolution of Stars in the Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The interaction of the active nucleus with the host galaxy interstellar medium
• Cosmic rays cannot explain the high ionisation rates in the Galactic centre
• Winds and feedback from supermassive black holes accreting at low rates: Hydrodynamical treatment
• Dark Matter in B-L Supersymmetric Standard Model with Inverse Seesaw
• Multi-Component Imaging of the Fermi Gamma-ray Sky in the Spatio-spectral Domain
• The time-dependent Rayleigh-Taylor instability in interstellar shells and supershells, including the eROSITA bubbles
• Searching for High Energy Neutrino counterpart signals; The case of the Fermi Bubbles signal and of Dark Matter annihilation in the inner Galaxy
• NOEMA spatially resolved view of the multi-phase outflow in IRAS17020+4544: a shocked wind in action?
• The Important Role of Cosmic-Ray Re-Acceleration
• Dynamics Inside the Radio and X-ray Cluster Cavities of Cygnus A and Similar FRII Sources
• NE2025: An Updated Electron Density Model for the Galactic Interstellar Medium
• North Polar Spur: gaseous plume(s) from star-forming regions at $\sim$3-5 kpc from Galactic Center?
• Can a Satellite Galaxy Merger Explain the Active Past of the Galactic Center?
• CHANG-ES XXIX: The Sub-kpc Nuclear Bubble of NGC 4438
• Ultra high energy cosmic rays from past activity of Andromeda galaxy
• Constraining the Milky Way Mass with Its Hot Gaseous Halo
• Emission from hadronic and leptonic processes in galactic jet-driven bubbles
• Metal Enrichment in the Fermi Bubbles as a Probe of Their Origin
• Cosmic rays escaping from Galactic starburst-driven superbubbles
• Periodicity from X-ray sources within the inner Galactic disk
• On the patchy appearance of the circum-Galactic medium and the influence of foreground absorption
• Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
• Measuring the Mass of Missing Baryons in the Halo of Andromeda Galaxy with Gamma-Ray Observations
• Highly Variable $\gamma$-Ray Emission of CTD 135 and Implications for its Compact Symmetric Structure
• GALPROP cosmic-ray propagation code: recent results and updates
• Extended hard X-ray emission in highly obscured AGN
• Measuring the alpha-abundance of subsolar-metallicity stars in the Milky Way's central half-parsec: testing globular cluster and dwarf galaxy infall scenarios
• Gamma-ray Production in the Extended Halo of the Galaxy and Possible Implications for the Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays
• Our Supermassive Black Hole Rivaled the Sun in the Ancient X-ray Sky
• High-energy Gamma-rays from Magnetically Arrested Disks in Nearby Radio Galaxies
• Weighing the Local Interstellar Medium using Gamma Rays and Dust
• Feeding of active galactic nuclei by dynamical perturbations
• The Bending Feature of the Fermi Bubbles: A Presumed Horizontal Galactic Wind and Its Implication on the Bubbles' Age
• Impact of an Active Sgr A* on the Synthesis of Water and Organic Molecules Throughout the Milky Way
• Connecting direct and indirect detection with a dark spike in the cosmic-ray electron spectrum
• A tale of cosmic rays narrated in gamma rays by Fermi
• Discovery of diffuse optical emission lines from the inner Galaxy: Evidence for LI(N)ER-like gas
• A panoramic view of the circumgalactic medium in the photoionized precipitation model
• Discovery of non-equilibrium ionization plasma associated with the North Polar Spur and Loop I
• New Look at the Molecular Superbubble Candidate in the Galactic Center
• Sculpting the Stellar Cusp in the Galactic Center
• CO Emission Delineating the Interface between the Milky Way Nuclear Wind Cavity and the Gaseous Disk
• Improving Black Hole Accretion Treatment in Hydrodynamical Simulations
• Probing the Halo Gas Distribution in the Inner Galaxy with Fermi Bubble Observations
• Cosmic ray backgrounds for dark matter indirect detection
• Supernova-remnant origin of the Galactic-Centre filaments
• Fermi-LAT measurement of the diffuse gamma-ray emission and constraints on the Galactic Dark Matter signal
• Ghost of a Shell: Magnetic Fields of Galactic Supershell GSH 006$-$15$+$7
• Observing small-scale $\gamma$-ray anisotropies with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• MeV Gamma-Ray Source Contribution to the Inner Galactic Diffuse Emission
• TeV gamma-ray sensitivity to velocity-dependent dark matter models in the Galactic Center
• Signatures of Recent Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in the High-Latitude $\gamma$-Ray Sky
• Testing the dark matter origin of the WMAP-Planck Haze with radio observations of Spiral Galaxies
• Quark Nugget Dark Matter: Comparison with radio observations of nearby galaxies
• Atomic Carbon in the Central Molecular Zone of the Milky Way : Possible Cosmic-ray Induced Chemistry or Time-Dependent Chemistry Associated with SNR Sagittarius A East
• QUIJOTE scientific results -- VI. The Haze as seen by QUIJOTE
• When Dark Matter interacts with Cosmic Rays or Interstellar Matter: A Morphological Study
• Modeling the Galactic center gamma-ray emission with more realistic cosmic-ray dynamics
• Feasibility of Correlated Extensive Air Shower Detection with a Distributed Cosmic Ray Network
• Current status and desired accuracy of the isotopic production cross-sections relevant to astrophysics of cosmic rays II. Fluorine to Silicon (and updated LiBeB)
• Calibrating Column Density Tracers with Gamma-ray Observations of the $\rho$ Ophiuchi Molecular Cloud
• On the Cooling Flow Problem in the Gaseous Halo of the Milky Way
• Following the tidal trail: a history of modeling the Magellanic Stream
• Cold molecular gas in the hot nuclear wind of the Milky Way
• Cosmic Rays in the Milky Way and Beyond
• Saas-Fee Lecture Notes: Multi-messenger Astronomy and Dark Matter
• Stabilizing effect of magnetic helicity on magnetic cavities in the intergalactic medium
• Gamma-ray and radio background constraints on cosmic rays in Milky Way circumgalactic medium
• Towards a multi-scale understanding of the gas-star formation cycle in the Central Molecular Zone
• Prospects for IXPE and eXTP polarimetric archaeology of the reflection nebulae in the Galactic center
• The quantum character of the Scalar Field Dark Matter
• The Warm Gas in the MW: the Kinematical Model of C IV and its Connection with Si IV
• Imaging the positron annihilation line with 20 years of INTEGRAL/SPI observations
• Feedback between Sgr A and B : AGN-Starburst Connection in the Galactic Centre
• Red giant - jet collisions in galactic nuclei I: 3D hydrodynamical model of a few stellar orbits
• Prospects for the polarimetric mapping of the Sgr A molecular cloud complex with IXPE
• Disc-halo gas outflows driven by stellar clusters as seen in multiwavelength tracers
• Elongated Gravity Sources as an Analytical Limit for Flat Galaxy Rotation Curves
• Examining the secondary product origin of cosmic ray positrons with the latest AMS-02 data
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Large-scale view of the Centaurus cluster
• Metal distribution in the ICM - a comprehensive numerical study of twelve galaxy clusters
• Galactic breeze origin for the Fermi bubbles emission
• Radio and gamma-ray timing of TRAPUM L-band Fermi pulsar survey discoveries
• Search for TeV emission from the Fermi Bubbles at low Galactic latitudes with H.E.S.S. inner Galaxy survey observations
• A Spatial Gap in the Sky Distribution of Fast Radio Burst Detections Coinciding with Galactic Plasma Overdensities
• Evaluation of the performance of a CdZnTe-based soft $\gamma$-ray detector for CubeSat payloads
• Testing spatial uniformity of the CR spectrum in the local ISM with gamma-ray observations
• Sharpening up Galactic all-sky maps with complementary data - A machine learning approach
• One-kpc Expanding Cylinder of HI-Gas around the Galactic Center
• Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to a dark matter signal from the Galactic centre
• Applying Simulation-Based Inference to Spectral and Spatial Information from the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess
• The Galactic Center compared with nuclei of nearby galaxies
• The AGN Jet Model of the Fermi Bubbles
• The role of the Galactic Halo and the Single Source in the formation of the cosmic ray anisotropy
• Not gone with the Wind: Survival of High-Velocity Molecular Clouds in the Galactic center
• High Latitude, Translucent Molecular Clouds as Probes of Local Cosmic Rays
• Progress in End-to-End Optimization of Detectors for Fundamental Physics with Differentiable Programming
• One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog
• Fermi bubbles as a source of cosmic rays above 10^{15} eV
• Anisotropies in the diffuse gamma-ray background measured by Fermi LAT
• A possible origin of gamma rays from the Fermi Bubbles
• Galactic Cosmic-Rays in a Breeze
• Giant lobes of Centaurus A as seen in radio and gamma-ray images obtained with the Fermi-LAT and Planck satellites
• The Galactic Centre - A Laboratory for Starburst Galaxies (?)
• Spherical harmonics analysis of Fermi gamma-ray data and the Galactic dark matter halo
• Constraints on the Emission of Gamma Rays from M31 with HAWC
• Exploring the MeV Sky with a Combined Coded Mask and Compton Telescope: The Galactic Explorer with a Coded Aperture Mask Compton Telescope (GECCO)
• Chemical Evolution in Nuclear Stellar Discs
• Delayed teraelectronvolt emission from GRB 980425/SN 1998bw and the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays
• X-rays from a Central "Exhaust Vent" of the Galactic Center Chimney
• Cosmic-ray electrons and the magnetic field of the North Polar Spur
• HESS J1745$-$290 spectrum explained by a transition in the diffusion regime of PeV cosmic rays in the Sgr A* accretion flow
• Characterizing the Expected Behavior of Non-Poissonian Template Fitting
• A Near-Infrared Search for Molecular Gas in the Fermi Bubbles
• Plasma processes at the scales of galaxies and clusters of galaxies
• Fundamental Physics from the Sky: Cosmic Rays, Gamma Rays and the Hunt for Dark Matter
• Electroweak Dark Matter
• Starburst-Driven Galactic Outflows -- Unveiling the Suppressive Role of Cosmic Ray Halos
• Evidence for powerful winds and the associated reverse shock as the origin of the Fermi bubbles
• The Fermi bubbles as a Superbubble
• Cosmic rays: interstellar gamma-ray and radio emission
• The Galactic Center Black Hole Laboratory
• 2FHL: The second Catalog of hard {\it Fermi}-LAT sources
• Observations of the Fermi bubbles and the Galactic center excess with the DArk Matter Particle Explorer
• Gas Inflow and Star Formation near Supermassive Black Holes: The Role of Nuclear Activity
• Sources and Radiations of the Fermi Bubbles
• The imprint of magnetic fields on absorption spectra from circumgalactic wind-cloud systems
• XMM-Newton and NuSTAR discovery of a likely IP candidate XMMU J173029.8-330920 in the Galactic Disk
• Possible counterpart signal of the Fermi bubbles at the cosmic-ray positrons
• A New High-latitude H I Cloud Complex Entrained in the Northern Fermi Bubble
• Are we really seeing dark matter signals from the Milky Way center?
• Multi-wavelength emission from leptonic processes in ageing galaxy bubbles
• Fermi bubble simulations: black hole feedback in the Milky Way
• Unveiling the Massive Stars in the Galactic Center
• Satellite Infall and Mass Deposition on the Galactic Centre
• Missing bright red giants in the Galactic center: A fingerprint of its once active state?
• Fermi-bubble bulk and edge analysis reveals dust, cooling breaks, and cosmic-ray diffusion, facilitating a self-consistent model
• Tidal disruption events as the origin of the eROSITA and Fermi bubbles
• Status of space-based gamma-ray astronomy
• Anomaly distribution in quasar magnitudes: a test of lensing by an hypothetic Supergiant Molecular Cloud in the Galactic halo
• GeV excess and phenomenological astrophysics modeling
• A GeV-TeV particle component and the barrier of cosmic-ray sea in the Central Molecular Zone
• Solitons and instantons in vacuum stability: physical phenomena
• Parabolic-like Trend in SiO Ratios throughout the Central Molecular Zone: Possible Signature of a Past Nuclear Activity in the Galactic Center
• How black hole activity may influence exoplanetary evolution in our Galaxy
• The Discovery of an Active Wind from the Milky Way's Black Hole
• On the Energy Distribution of the Galactic Center Excess' Sources
• Supermassive black holes and their surroundings: MeV signatures
• Positron Transport And Annihilation In The Galactic Bulge
• On the high-energy protons regular acceleration in the Fermi Bubbles
• Machine learning application to Fermi-LAT data: sharpening all-sky map and emphasizing variable sources
• Pulsar-driven Jets in Supernovae, Gamma-Ray Bursts, and the Universe
• A Novel Approach towards the Search for Gamma-ray Emission from the Northern Fermi Bubble with HAWC
• Extragalactic Searches for Dark Matter Annihilation
• Pair Production Detectors for Gamma-ray Astrophysics
• Detection of Gamma-ray Halos around Nearby Late-type Galaxies
• Angular Momentum Accretion onto Disc Galaxies
• Fermi Bubbles with HAWC
• 2nd-order Fermi acceleration as the origin of the Fermi bubbles
• Measuring the smearing of the Galactic 511 keV signal: positron propagation or supernova kicks?
• Cosmic Ray (Stochastic) Acceleration from a Background Plasma
• Detection of Anisotropies in the Circumgalactic Medium of Disk Galaxies: Supermassive Black Hole Activity or Star Formation-driven Outflows?
• Performance Evaluation of a silicon-based 6U Cubesat detector for soft $\gamma$-ray astronomy
• Measurement of High Energy Gamma Rays from 200 MeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
• Lessons from Comparisons between the Nuclear Region of the Milky Way & Those in Nearby Spirals
• Diffuse continuum emission and large extended sources at MeV energies
• The role of magnetic fields in shaping $\gamma$-ray emission from the Fermi bubbles
• How is Cold Gas Loaded into Galactic Nuclear Outflows?
• High Energy Emission from the Galactic Center
• Modelling the non-equilibrium chemistry of the Milky Way's cold nuclear wind
• Detection of polarized Fermi-bubble synchrotron and dust emission
• JD6 - The Connection between Radio Properties and High Energy Emission in AGNs
• Diffuse Hot Plasma in the Interstellar Medium and Galactic Outflows
• Effects of an Immortal Stellar Population in AGN Disks
• Past activity of Sgr A* is unlikely to affect the local cosmic-ray spectrum up to the TeV regime
• A solution to the paradox of youth in the Galactic centre
• Origin of Nonthermal Emission from the Fermi Bubbles and Mechanisms of Particle Acceleration There
• Fermi Bubbles: an Elephant in the Gamma-ray Sky
• The Gamma-ray Sky with Fermi
• Assessing the Impact of Hydrogen Absorption on the Characteristics of the Galactic Center Excess