Spinning black holes magnetically connected to a Keplerian disk -- Magnetosphere, reconnection sheet, particle acceleration and coronal heating
arXiv:2112.03933 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142847
Abstract
Context: Accreting black holes (BHs) may be surrounded by a highly magnetized plasma threaded by a poloidal magnetic field. Non-thermal flares and high energy components could originate from a hot, collisionless and nearly force-free corona. The jets we often observe from these systems are believed to be rotation-powered and magnetically-driven. Aims: We study axisymmetric BH magnetospheres where some magnetic field lines anchored in a surrounding disk can connect to the event horizon of a rotating BH. We identify the sites of magnetic reconnection within 30 gravitational radii depending on the BH spin. Methods: With the fully general relativistic particle-in-cell code GRZeltron, we solve the time-dependent dynamics of the electron-positron pair plasma and of the electromagnetic fields around the BH. The disk is represented by a steady plasma in Keplerian rotation, threaded by a frozen dipolar field. Results: For prograde disks, twisted open magnetic field lines crossing the horizon power a Blandford-Znajek jet while beyond a critical distance, open field lines on the disk are open. In the innermost regions, coupling field lines ensure the transfer of significant amounts of angular momentum and energy between the BH and the disk. From the Y-point at the intersection, a current sheet forms where particle acceleration via magnetic reconnection takes place. We compute the synchrotron images of the current sheet emission. Conclusions: Our estimates for jet power and BH-disk exchanges match those derived from purely force-free models. Dissipation at the Y-point heats the corona and provides a physically motivated source of hard X-rays above the disk for reflection models. Episodic plasmoid ejection might explain millisecond flares observed in Cyg X-1. Particles flowing from the Y-point down to the disk could produce a hot spot at the footpoint of the outermost closed field line.
arXiv commentSubmitted to A&A, 27 pages
References in corpus (106)
- First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
- X-ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries
- Efficient Generation of Jets from Magnetically Arrested Accretion on a Rapidly Spinning Black Hole
- Giant Gamma-ray Bubbles from Fermi-LAT: AGN Activity or Bipolar Galactic Wind?
- Detection of the gravitational redshift in the orbit of the star S2 near the Galactic centre massive black hole
- Chandra X-ray Spectroscopic Imaging of Sgr A* and the Central Parsec of the Galaxy
- Instability of current sheets and formation of plasmoid chains
- First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon
- Relativistic Reconnection: an Efficient Source of Non-Thermal Particles
- First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring
- Detection of orbital motions near the last stable circular orbit of the massive black hole SgrA*
- The Event Horizon General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Code Comparison Project
- Radiative Models of Sgr A* from GRMHD Simulations
- A dark jet dominates the power output of the stellar black hole Cygnus X-1
- Dissecting X-ray-emitting Gas around the Center of our Galaxy
- Sustained Magnetorotational Turbulence in Local Simulations of Stratified Disks with Zero Net Magnetic Flux
- An Unambiguous Detection of Faraday Rotation in Sagittarius A*
- Cygnus X-1 contains a 21-solar mass black hole -- implications for massive star winds
- The corona contracts in a black-hole transient
- Observational Constraints on Black Hole Spin
- Numerical Simulation of Hot Accretion Flows (II): Nature, Origin, and Properties of Outflow and Their Possible Observational Applications
- Black hole flares: ejection of accreted magnetic flux through 3D plasmoid-mediated reconnection
- Simulations of particle acceleration beyond the classical synchrotron burnoff limit in magnetic reconnection: An explanation of the Crab flares
- Electrodynamics of black hole magnetospheres
- Interferometric Detection of Linear Polarization from Sagittarius A* at 230 GHz
- The extent of power-law energy spectra in collisionless relativistic magnetic reconnection in pair plasmas
- Magnetic Reconnection and Hot Spot Formation in Black Hole Accretion Disks
- Polarized Gamma-ray Emission from the Galactic Black Hole Cygnus X-1
- Detection of large-scale X-ray bubbles in the Milky Way halo
- The Submillimeter Bump in Sgr A* from Relativistic MHD Simulations
- A Fast New Public Code for Computing Photon Orbits in a Kerr Spacetime
- Particle Acceleration and Magnetic Dissipation in Relativistic Current Sheet of Pair Plasmas
- Non-thermal particle acceleration in collisionless relativistic electron-proton reconnection
- First-Principles Plasma Simulations of Black-Hole Jet Launching
- Evidence for X-ray synchrotron emission from simultaneous mid-IR to X-ray observations of a strong Sgr A* flare
- Particle acceleration in axisymmetric pulsar current sheets
- Global Evolution of an Accretion Disk with Net Vertical Field: Coronal Accretion, Flux Transport, and Disk Winds
- Spacetime approach to force-free magnetospheres
- Towards precision measurements of accreting black holes using X-ray reflection spectroscopy
- Inside the Bondi radius of M87
- Relativistic magnetic reconnection in pair plasmas and its astrophysical applications
- Measuring Mass Accretion Rate onto the Supermassive Black Hole in M 87 Using Faraday Rotation Measure with the Submillimeter Array
- Flares in the Galactic center I: orbiting flux tubes in Magnetically Arrested Black Hole Accretion Disks
- A powerful flare from Sgr A* confirms the synchrotron nature of the X-ray emission
- Coupled jet-disk model for Sgr A*: explaining the flat-spectrum radio core with GRMHD simulations of jets
- Radiative magnetic reconnection near accreting black holes
- Modeling the orbital motion of Sgr A*'s near-infrared flares
- Ab Initio Horizon-Scale Simulations of Magnetically Arrested Accretion in Sagittarius A* Fed by Stellar Winds
- Sgr A* near-infrared flares from reconnection events in a magnetically arrested disc
- The jet-powered optical nebula of Cygnus X-1
- Hydrodynamic Simulations of the Inner Accretion Flow of Sagittarius A* Fueled By Stellar Winds
- Variability Timescale and Spectral Index of Sgr A* in the Near Infrared: Approximate Bayesian Computation Analysis of the Variability of the Closest Supermassive Black Hole
- Plasmoid formation in global GRMHD simulations and AGN flares
- Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
- The synchrotron boiler and the spectral states of black hole binaries
- How to hide large scale outflows: size constraints on the jets of Sgr A*
- Long term variability of Cygnus X-1 V. State definitions with all sky monitors
- Reconnection-driven particle acceleration in relativistic shear flows
- On the origin of spectral states in accreting black holes
- Black-hole jets without large-scale net magnetic flux
- Force-Free Magnetosphere of an Accretion Disk -- Black Hole System. II. Kerr Geometry
- Magnetic Hair and Reconnection in Black Hole Magnetospheres
- Multi-dimensional simulations of ergospheric pair discharges around black holes
- Black Hole Magnetospheres
- Statistical Description of a Magnetized Corona above a Turbulent Accretion Disk
- Rapid Variability of Sgr A* across the Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Accretion Geometry in the Hard State of the Black-Hole X-Ray Binary MAXI J1820+070
- Sgr A* X-ray flares from non-thermal particle acceleration in a magnetically arrested disc
- Evidence for A Parsec-scale Jet from The Galactic Center Black Hole: Interaction with Local Gas
- Magnetic outflows from turbulent accretion disks: I. Vertical structure & secular evolution
- Constraining particle acceleration in Sgr A* with simultaneous GRAVITY, Spitzer, NuSTAR and Chandra observations
- The magnetic field in the X-ray corona of Cygnus X-1
- Synthetic gamma-ray lightcurves of Kerr black-hole magnetospheric activity from particle-in-cell simulations
- Revisiting The Spectral and Timing Properties of NGC 4151
- General relativistic MHD simulations of non-thermal flaring in Sagittarius A*
- Re-estimating the Spin Parameter of the Black Hole in Cygnus X-1
- Meridional circulation in turbulent protoplanetary disks
- Formation of wind-captured discs in Supergiant X-ray binaries : consequences for Vela X-1 and Cygnus X-1
- Simulations of the magnetospheres of accreting millisecond pulsars
- Magnetically Modified Spherical Accretion in GRMHD: Reconnection-Driven Convection and Jet Propagation
- Force-Free Magnetosphere of an Accretion Disk -- Black Hole System. I. Schwarzschild Geometry
- Generalized, energy-conserving numerical simulations of particles in general relativity. I. Time-like and null geodesics
- Discovery of powerful millisecond flares from Cygnus X-1
- A Plasmoid Model for the Sgr A* Flares Observed with GRAVITY and Chandra
- Striped Blandford/Znajek jets from advection of small scale magnetic field
- A weak compact jet in a soft state of Cygnus X-1
- Generalized, energy-conserving numerical simulations of particles in general relativity. II. Test particles in electromagnetic fields and GRMHD
- The origin of hotspots around Sgr A*: Orbital or pattern motion?
- Black hole magnetosphere with small scale flux tubes--II. Stability and dynamics
- Kinetic Beaming in Radiative Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection: A Mechanism for Rapid Gamma-Ray Flares in Jets
- Shear-Driven Field-Line Opening and the Loss of a Force-Free Magnetostatic Equilibrium
- Multiwavelength study of the flaring activity of Sgr A* in 2014 February-April
- X-ray emission from BH+O star binaries expected to descend from the observed galactic WR+O binaries
- X-ray time lags in AGN: inverse-Compton scattering and spherical corona model
- Relativistic Tearing and Drift-kink Instabilities in Two-fluid Simulations
- Black hole magnetosphere with small scale flux tubes
- Numerically solving the relativistic Grad-Shafranov equation in Kerr spacetimes: Numerical techniques
- Can the BZ mechanism power steady jets?
- Potential origin of the state-dependent high-energy tail in the black hole microquasar Cygnus X-1 as seen with INTEGRAL
- Exploring the radial disc ionization profile of the black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915+105
- A nonthermal bomb explains the near-infrared superflare of Sgr A*
- Physics of the saturation of particle acceleration in relativistic magnetic reconnection
- The persistent radio jet coupled to hard X-rays in the soft state of Cyg X-1
- A full relativistic thin disc -- the physics of the plunging region and the value of the stress at the ISCO
- Pair-Regulated Klein-Nishina Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection with Applications to Blazars and Accreting Black Holes
- Electrically-charged black holes and the Blandford-Znajek mechanism
Cited by in corpus (18)
- TeV neutrinos and hard X-rays from relativistic reconnection in the corona of NGC 1068
- Images of magnetospheric reconnection-powered radiation around supermassive black holes
- Magnetic reconnection plasmoid model for Sagittarius A* flares
- Reconnection-driven flares in 3D black hole magnetospheres -- A scenario for hot spots around Sagittarius A*
- Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in Astrophysical Plasmas: A Powerful Mechanism of Nonthermal Emission
- Local models of two-temperature accretion disc coronae. I. Structure, outflows, and energetics
- Electromagnetic Energy Extraction from Kerr Black Holes: Ab-Initio Calculations
- Whispering in the dark: Faint X-ray emission from black holes with OB star companions
- Self-consistent multidimensional Penrose process driven by magnetic reconnection
- Linear analysis of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in relativistic magnetized symmetric flows
- Relativistic reconnection with effective resistivity: I. Dynamics and reconnection rate
- Turbulence and Magnetic Reconnection in Relativistic Multispecies Plasmas
- A kinetic model of jet-corona coupling in accreting black holes
- Black hole outflows initiated by a large-scale magnetic field
- Measuring the properties of homogeneous turbulence in curved spacetimes
- The Role of Inhomogeneities in the Turbulent Accretion of Black Holes
- FPIC: a new Particle-In-Cell code for stationary and axisymmetric black-hole spacetimes
- Unprecedentedly bright X-ray flaring in Cygnus X-1 observed by INTEGRAL